Types of Cells in the Human Body

Types of Cells in the military man BodyIn this essay I exit be smell at the human body and how it is organised, from the simple booth to how the body forms co- absorb with each(prenominal) other and that e precise pruneg operate ons properly. Firstly I go away be looking at well-nigh simple cells that leave group unneurotic to mend up a weave. The first cells I will be looking at will be the erythrocytes, the ova cells in wo manpower, the sperm cell cellatozoon cell in men and the epithelial ciliated cells in the throat.The erythrocytes are made in the trigger-happy b ane marrow of short tog ups in the body much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the hip bone, breast bone, ribs etc . Red bone marrow flock produce new erythrocytes at the rate of about 1 and half million per second to replace those destroyed . When first create the erythrocyte has a nucleus, which when the cell matures the nucleus is squeezed out to make way for more than than haemoglobin to be stored inside the erythrocyte. The erythrocyte is truly unique in size and organise it has the look of a biconcave disk shape. These brace inner components that allow the transport of oxygen and patron the elimination of one C copy dioxide. There are approximately 5 million erythrocytes per mm of derivation. The excitation of the red blood cell comes from the pigment it contains it contains Haemoglobin which combines with oxygen comfortably to become oxyhaemoglobin there are 180 million haemoglobin molecules in one erythrocyte. Erythrocytes are about 7.8 micrometres in diameter. Erythrocytes can live(a) up to 120 days inside the body, before they are vanquish(p) smooth in the liver and the spleen by a macrophage.The function of the red blood cell is to primarily transport oxygen from the lungs about the body which can be used for many things, such(prenominal) as make amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates, Their second function is to get rid of carbon dioxide from the tissue s to the lungs to be excreted out by the lungs. Oxygen carried by the red blood cells can bind with iron atoms in the blood meaning that haemoglobin can carry 4 oxygen atoms at its maximum capacity. The strength of oxygen to bind with haemoglobin depends on a hardly a(prenominal) factors such as the acidity of the blood and as well as the temperature. Erythrocytes make up 45% of blood inside the body the other 55% is plasma.THE OVA CELLSThe ova cells are produced in the ovaries of women. This is the by-product of the ovaries which is the tissue that makes the ova. The ovum is a low-toneder version of an ovary which is small enough to pass down the fallopian tube. This cell is visible and does not submit a microscope to see it. It measures in diameter 120um. Its almost a gross(a) circular cell which has tough follicle cells surrounding the egg to protect it. These cells are normally called ova and they ovulate once every 28 days.The function of ova cells is so that it gives the spermatozoon a chance to fertilise the egg and it has to contain nutrients and metabolites to help sustain itself in early development to hopefully create a human life, as you may well know it is a roulette wheel where once a month a egg develops in the ovaries and is passed down the fallopian tube where it can be fertilised, if fertilisation run acrosss the inside the ova cell, cell course of study occurs until it reaches the uterus, if unfertilised it will pass out of the body, but if it is fertilised the weight of the ova will imbed itself into the uterus cell groin where it will grow and develop, a successful fertilisation normally is when the woman uterus cell wall is at its highest which is normally the 14th day since the last ovulation. Its structure is correct for its function, if it was any other shape it could get stuck in the fallopian tube.THE SPERMATOZOONother than cognise as the sperm cell, this cell is made in the seminiferous tubules in the testes which are li ned by germinal epithelial cells which break up repeatedly, forming cells called spermatogonia. The spermatozoon sacrifice many structural sections which make it agile and fast. This cell is very specialized and it has some of what most cells have like a head consisting of a nucleus, which contains DNA conjugated with protein in a passing condensed form, mitochondria, microtubules and an acrosome. The nucleus contains the highly condensed set of chromosomes. The condensed state of genetic material reduces the nub of energy needed to transport the sperm. The microtubules produce the whip like effort of a mature sperm, which helps its suspension helping towards the swim to the egg. The mitochondria give the sperm cell the energy it needs to swim, and the acrosome is the storage site of enzymes which help the sperm digest the layers surrounding the egg thus being able to wrap up it.Its primary function is to fertilise an ovum cell, its structure helps it achieve its goal.THE ep ithelial CELLSEpithelial cells are produced pretty much anywhere needed in the body where something needs to be protected as we have different types of epithelial cells, take for instance we have squamous epithelium which is in like manner know as pavement epithelium which is found in the walls of blood capillaries and alveoli in the lungs, we similarly have cuboidal epithelium which is found in some kidney tubules, columnar epithelium which is found in the lining of the small intestine, we likewise have glandular epithelium which is found in the lining of the rectum, we also have ciliated epithelium, this is formed in the windpipe and Its structure is takes is more of a columnar shape, it has ciliated hairs which beat away from the lungs to move mucous secretion or any other micro-organisms and distribute away from the lungs. Smokers are known to have damaged the ciliated hairs by the tar in the cigarettes make the hairs sticky and rigid or they have burnt them. It also has a cytoskeleton called the axoneme, the hairs itself is made of microtubules allowing the hairs to move with more flexibilityIts function is just to concord out any foreign tissue, keep micro-organisms out and keep the lungs dust free, its structure helps it as the cilia hairs are facing away from the lungs meaning it will try and keep it by forcing it upwards.TISSUESThe epithelial cells will group in concert to make epithelial tissue which is found in all areas and surfaces of the body, it is specialised to form a covering and or lining of all intimate and external surfaces of the body. Epithelial tissue regardless of what type it is, it is separated from a thin-underlying tissue by a thin sheet of connective tissue, the root cellar membrane, which provides structural support for the epithelium and binds to other neighbouring structures. The ciliated cells in the throat group together to make ciliated epithelial tissue which is formed in a lining normally of the windpipe to help take up mucus, micro-organisms and any foreign tissue a lot more double-quick and easier than one cell alone. This helps to form one share of the respiratory remains. joining tissue is used to support the body and can bind or connect all tissues together. I will talk about one type of connective tissue which is going to be the bones in our body can also be about the bones in our body. The bones primarily give us the support we need and also give us locomotion to move, it protects delicate organs such as the brain from damage, and is also the site for where erythrocytes are made. It also plays a part in homeostasis which controls the amount of calcium in the blood. Under a microscope the bone is arranged in concentrated layers (lamellae) somewhat the small channels called a haversian canal which interconnects to a volkmanns canal which contains a blood vessel, a lymph and nerve cell. vim builder tissue allows us to be able to relax or occupation our ponderousness builders to for us to exercise movement or do some subject area which requires us to use our muscles, its structure depends on the muscles that come from different areas of the body. We have smooth muscle tissue, skeletal muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue. I will now relate to one example which I will look at the structure and function of the smooth muscle tissue. The structure of smooth muscle tissue is made up of thin elongated muscle cells or fibres, these cells are long and pointed to the end and each cell has a large oval nucleus. The smooth muscle tissue is goaded and we no control over it, some places you will realise this tissue are the walls of the bladder, the uterus and the walls of blood vessels, its function is to control, slow involuntary movements such as the contraction of muscle tissue in the walls of the intestines and stomach. nervous tissue is made up of nerve cells, also known as labor neuron which makes up one part of the nervous organisation. The structure of a repulse neurone is pretty complex, these are lay up and down the body almost touching one another, via the dendrites with the axon, to the synapse, to be fade away in neurotransmitters to another dendrite, and the central nervous system has three components for it to efficiently work, the motor neurone, the spinal cord and the brain. All motor neurones are committed to the spinal cord and the brain is connected to the spinal cord. A motor neurones function is to detect stimuli and respond to it adequately, it does this by sending electrical messages via the motor neurones to the spinal cord, to the brain and from the brain tush to the motor neurones to the connected muscle to react to the stimuli. Its structure means the surface area of motor neurone is grown enough to send high powered electrical messages at very high speeds.ORGAN SYSTEMSUp to now we have named a few cells which have developed into tissues, I will now look at the organs from the tissues that come together. The red blood cells have grouped up with plasma to make the blood, the squamous epithelial cells have grouped together to make capillaries, capillaries have grouped and made veins and arteries. All this is has made the circulatory system. The tit is the main organ in this system which too was made of a muscle cell which then grouped to make muscle tissue, making it what it is, the heart is specialised as a muscle as it needs pressure to pump the blood around the body, also it is hallow on the inside which allows the blood to fill the heart and then pump it around the body again. It is made of four chambers, which fill with blood, but they work by the piece because blood pumped into the heart is deoxygenated and pumped out oxygenated. Together they operate to form the circulatory system.BODY SYSTEMSThe systems eventually start working together as one, like the respiratory system works with the circulatory system, the endocrinal system works with the whole body giving it hormones, the nervous system works with the brain and spinal cord using nerve cells. The digestive system works alongside the reproductive system. With this in mind we will look at how the body systems work as one replete(p) unit. To ensure we have life, we must to be able to breathe and for that to happen we need our heart beating with blood. The oxygen we breathe in is cloaked into the bloodstream which circulates around our body, picking up glucose and urea from the liver and arriving back at the lungs, and the waste products, like carbon dioxide is excreted. Blood contains waste products such as urea which is given to the liver and bile is added to this ready for digestion in the form of urine but that is after it has passed the kidneys. This links, the circulatory system, the respiratory system and digestive system together. The endocrine system also helps the digestion system by regulating the water balance and blood pressure with the use of very important hormones, such as thyroxin w hich controls the bodys metabolism. The endocrine system also works with nervous system as it regulates internal functions and maintaining homeostasis. The reproductive system is linked to the digestive system as waste water is excreted through the sexual organs. So the body is linked in many shipway to help it function as one whole unit.