Report for security mangment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Report for security mangment - Essay ExampleThis 40-year old come with was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 which dominated the local trade of the United States, and began to trade stocks on the New York Stock Exchange. Along with the caller-ups growth in revenue is the growth of its expenses in information technology (IT). According to Wal-Mart IT executives, the company is adopting expensive technologies that is why its investment in IT is considered to be their single largest capital expenses with approximately $500 genius thousand thousand dollars over one five year period (Beard, 1996, p.78). The company demonstrated its preparedness to invest heavy on these technologies because it strongly believes that IT is a powerful tool in achieving efficiency goals and in creating economic economic value for stakeholders. In order for Wal-Mart to know how these technologies will support the transmission line in obtaining implicit and explicit objectives, it mustiness develop IT govern ance strategies (Schwalbe, 2009, p.136). To provide competitive advantage, these strategies must be integrated and aligned with the companys strategic and operational plans, this is to make the process more comprehensive (Papp, 2004, p.27). The main focus of this base is to recognize the IT services of Wal-Mart and whether these services are aligned to the needs of the business and the customers. In the process of assessing strategic alignment, this paper will be using the conceptual levels of strategic alignment maturity model developed by Dr. Luftman and some measures in order to improve the strategic business-IT alignment of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart IT Services Aligned to the Needs of the clientele and Needs of the Customers Linda Dillman, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) of Wal-Mart noted that, We do not want to be cognise by our technology, but we do want to be known by what our technology has done for the business (cited in Luftman, 2004, p.275). She also added that the busin ess is performing favourably in terms of improved revenue and market share, cost and time reduction, customer satisfaction, and many more because of business-IT alignment maturity through metrics performance. Wal-Mart was one of the first companies to introduce computers to track store sales and inventory and was the first to develop a computerized entanglement to share this information with suppliers (Fottler & Malvey, 2007, p.267). However, because IT changes daily and becomes outmoded, the company needs to continuously seek for upgraded technologies (Eisenberg et al., 2004, p.265). The information technology/ outline of Wal-Mart is classified as strategic and focused on how to meet customers needs wherein it relies on most circulating(prenominal) information to sustain the minimum cutting of cost in retail. In order for Wal-Mart to lower their costs, maximize return on capital, and streamline their operations, the company is using the operational excellence strategy. For severa l decades, IT is considered to be an inborn part not just of Wal-Mart but to some large suppliers in the world particularly in dealing with customers. Recently, Wal-Mart is using the standard transaction formats and protocols called the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) capabilities in order to govern operations in the sharing

Post-Modern Anthropology Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Post-Modern Anthropology - discourse ExamplePostmodern anthropology provided solutions that religion did not fathom to the problem of mental illness. Over long fourth dimension religion patented that madness could only be controlled but not cured, but with advent of the anthropological theory, religion was part of the movement which indicated in spite of everything the presence of reason of madness and which led from delirium to health (Michael and Richard 1961394). The understanding of the real nature of madness helped in deriving a way the business concern that had been passing down like an evocation of a common nature. Before the adoption of the contemporary anthropology, the friendship was encapsulated with an error that alienated the people of their freedom and joy. As a result of the theory, madness could make believe no more fear and the solitary attitude and character that existed between the sane and the madman disappeared. The use of such theory enabled the understan ding of the ancient mythical methods of treatments of such illnesses in the olden society and also provided the cause of such diseases thereby enabling the acquisition of medication. The obscure guilt that once linked transgression and irrationality is thus shifted the madman, as human being originally endowed with reason is no longer discredited of being mad and can instead now feel morally responsible and respected especially because the disease can be treated. Natural religion which was mostly a local cures concern proven effective. It made use of the benevolence of nature to cure.

Integration processes in the countries of the Asian-Pacific region Essay

Integration processes in the countries of the Asian-Pacific role low the conditions of the globalization intensification - Essay ExampleThe paper illustrates the increasing role of the countries of the Asian-Pacific region in the ground economy in terms of GDP, trade volumes and capital flows. The impact of the globalization on Asian countries is under the consideration.States in the region have become increasingly interdependent and regionalism is perceived as a introduce for further multilateral trade liberalization. Regionalism is divided into two categories. One is discriminatory in that there is dislodge trade among the members of the region but the non members are excluded. These include customs unions and the other are preferential profession areas. The other one is compatible to the most favored rule of the World Trade Organization and referred to as open regionalism which allows free trade among all members and non members in the region. The gradual elimination of inte rnal trade barriers leads to great multilateral trade liberalization in a given region promoting globalizationThe South Asian countries face political instability and ethnic conflicts which hinder trade liberalization and global integration. These countries are passing dependent on the world economy. A good example is China where FDI-driven models are essential to their issue models.Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore have a comparative vantage in high-value goods and services. China has an apparent advantage in grok intensive agricultural and manufacturing exports. India has a pool of cheap childbed and it should be labor intensive, FDI driven exporter motivating the industrial sector as well as a major exporters of labor intensive agricultural products. Southeast Asia is the main beneficiary of the deep integration into the East-Asian manufacturing supply chains.

Anything free style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anything free style - Essay ExampleTaking pictures and video-recording employ to be two different jobs but now a digital camera performs a make sense of functions at the same time. It was quite costly when new but now prices have come lot as a number of manufacturers are in the business. So, mostly every last(predicate) families have a digital camera.Purchasing a digital camera is non easy as a wrong ratiocination can result in outdated purchase that has no guarantee of its parts. To save wizard from this error, one should buy a device which is quite costly than the average market price so that all latest features are there in that digital camera. One should look out for the price, the image resolution, size of it of the memory card, the LCD display, the interface, and the weight & size of a digital camera while purchasing. One strategic quality feature of a digital camera is its resolution, which technically is based on the number of pixels. A camera with higher pixels is k nown as better than lower number of pixels. Before buying a digital camera, it is important to know for what purpose you are buying it. For a big photo, utilise the zoom function on a small resolution camera will not provide a bigger picture. Zoom function can save money but the quality of picture is not good. It is better to select a better camera with a lesser memory. LCD-display is must to remove friendless images and perform other functions related with LCD.Other features of digital cameras are creating a slide show, a digital photo album, and presentation on a computer, TV or multimedia projector. You can get images printed without using a computer. One can send images using email via the Internet. This is the most worthy feature of a digital camera.Digital cameras come in the price range of $300 to $9000 but dont expect many features from a camera of $300. The popular brands selling digital cameras are Sony, Canon and Nikon. Others let in Casio, Fuji, HP, Kodak, Konica, and

Marketing mix strategy in developing country Essay

Marketing mix strategy in development country - Essay ExampleMarketing mix strategy determinants can be set in relation to the four dimensions of price, place, promotion and merchandise. In this section, emphasis will be laid on factors or determinants that impose huge influences on the success potentials of Vodafones marketing strategies when get into Afghanistan. While these strategies necessity to be linked with the market trends and the consumer buying conduct, there are many factors those might impose huge effects on organisational efficiency to persuade target clients and successfully accomplish their marketing goals. It is to be observe in this regard that marketing mix strategies developed by organisation (Smith & Taylor, 2004).When deciding upon strategies related to product in Afghanistan, customer needs shall play a major role as a delineate determinant to its success. As the effectiveness of products offered depend on its efficiency to suffice consumer needs, whi ch again influences on the factors associated with consumer behaviour and correspondingly, to customer satisfaction and organisational success, it becomes crucial for any company to pay due attention to the same when penetrating a foreign country. It is worth mentioning in this context that each target market deciphers a considerable difference from other market segments in terms of their product needs, which makes it more crucial for Vodafone to understand the customer demands in Afghanistan irrespective of its experiences in the home country (Avlonitis & Gounaris, 1997). Notably, as Afghanistan is currently in a developing state, major development and change have been witnessed within the consumer needs in effect of globalisation. Subsequently, the younger propagation and the industrial sectors within the country have been observed as getting highly influenced by the westbound culture, owing to which, Vodafone can

The marketing plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The merchandising plan - Research Paper ExampleIt is also in competition with companies the develop applications especially meandering(a) applications which imitate distinct capabilities that include sharing of photos as well as messaging and some of Facebooks competitors include LinkedIn, Google+ and Twitter etc.Facebook has grown to be more valuable than Amazon in foothold of the marketplace value with a market capitalization that is in excess of USD 170 billion compargond to the market capitalization of Amazon that has decreased to below USD 165 billion. From the previous earnings report, the social media company dodge revenue estimates and realized more revenue from mobile advertisements which now account for a big role of the total advertisement revenue.Almost sixty-five percent of the users on Facebook are older than thirty-five reservation the aver eon over forty while the users who are less than twenty four years of age make up only fourteen percent of the users.Of the total Facebook users, sixty percent are effeminate and almost fifty seven percent look at finished one form of college education or another while less than a quarter have a bachelors or a graduate degree. The social presence of Facebook is seen in 137 countries which is more than all other social networks that are in only 127 of these nations. The US has the highest presence on Facebook even though only a one-half of the population uses the social networking site. India and Brazil are the Facebook markets that are steadily growing (Treadaway and Smith, 2012).Advertisements on the network that channelize the people on mobile devices have the potential of fetching the network huge revenues and as a result of the plethora of information that is received from the members, it is able to send advertisements that interest the particular users making them have the option of charging more for the advertisements than other companies. The platform that has been developed by Facebook is

Electromagnetism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Electro attractive featureism - Essay ExampleSome non- attractive forceised materials which are conductors help shield attracteric issue. A good example is a superconductor, when this material is placed between two attractive featureic materials it tends to exclude the magnetic fields created by the magnets. A superconductor material behaves like a magnet in that if the South stake of the magnet is brought near it, the magnet behaves as though it is being approached by itself from the other side the superconductor. The magnets South Pole then starts to repel the north pole of the other magnet, which is proficient a mirror of itself. Therefore, if a superconductor is placed between which are facing separately other no change will be noticed since the two poles of the magnet will tend to repel each other hence cutting off the magnetic fields that existed before. This scenario is very useful in circumstance you dont need any field in a especial(a) region. The iron street corne r will be used since the fields travel in the walls of the box and does not penetrate into it. move magnets Using the tether plates inclined at an angle of 60 degrees, place the magnet on the three plates and allow the magnets to slide from a height of active 30cm. the experiment is repeated by using bulls eye pipes held vertically. The magnet without a stud is dropped while its axis of symmetry is vertically follow up each pipe. When the magnet is placed along the three plates inclined at an angle of 60 degrees, the magnet slide down the plate slowly. This happens so because the voltage will increase as the magnet moves down the sheets and not when magnet it is stationary. Magnetic fields come about due to electric authorizeds. If these magnetic fields are changed by moving the magnet near a non-magnetic material or metal, it... This paper examines the magnetic field detached by a superconductor material. Magneto static or dipole-dipole forces are very critical in find the microstructure of any magnet. Magnetic fields in magneto statics which are constant at a particular moment in time always produces steady currents. The charge passing in a wire at per unit time is called the current of that particular wire. Conventionally, it is assumed that electric current always pay heed in the direction of the movement of the positive charges.Nonmagnetic materials which are conductors can shield the magnetic field to some extent. Some non-magnetic materials which are conductors help shield magnetic field. A good example is a superconductor, when this material is placed between two magnetic materials it tends to exclude the magnetic fields created by the magnets. A superconductor material behaves like a magnet in that if the South Pole of the magnet is brought near it, the magnet behaves as though it is being approached by itself from the other side the superconductor.Magnetic fields come about due to electric currents. If these magnetic fields are changed by m oving the magnet near a non-magnetic material or metal, it induces electric field that is the difference in voltage in the metal. This then produces a magnetic field which is oriented in the direction opposite to that of the magnet.For a homopolar motor, the battery produces electric current which then moves in a radial manner through the magnetic disc.

Teaching Of Primary Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Teaching Of Primary Science - Essay manakinIt also provides examples of schools that have experimented context-based teaching in cognizance in classrooms, and a curricular example that teachers tail assembly modify to increase student understanding of any curricular area. Finally, it provides online resources and a podcast that provide teachers with additional ideas for devising their lessons more interesting and engaging, empowering, and enlightening classrooms.There have been many studies that indicate context-based approach is essential in order for student learning to take place. Research reveals that teaching Strategies are necessary in schools for teachers to in effect increase student achievement. The focus of this research study is to examine effects of context-based approaches in teaching information in Classroom. The review of literature will look at several factors related to teaching strategies. Those factors intromit the Traditional view of teaching science, proble matic questions that arise in this research, importance of context-based teaching, in classroom. ... Context-based approaches to teaching science in primary school have become widely used everywhere the past ii decades. They aspire to foster more positive attitudes to science while, at the same time, provide a grave basis of scientific understanding for further study. One of the well-nigh distinct trends of the last two decades in science curriculum development across a number of countries has been to use contexts and applications of science as a means of developing scientific understanding. Teaching in this way is often described as adopting a context-based approach. The trend toward the use of context-based approaches is apparent across the whole age spectrum from primary through to university level, but is most noticeable in materials developed for use in the secondary age range.Traditional Teaching means of ScienceOver the last two decades reports have traced students incre asingly negative attitudes to Science in Australia over the primary years of schooling, and the associated decrease in student participation in post-compulsory science (Goodrum, Hackling, & Rennie, 2001 Tytler, 2007). This decline in interest in Science in the early years of primary education is of particular concern, since it is in these years that attitudes to the pursuit of science subjects and careers are formed (Speering & Rennie, 1996). A number of studies have explicitly link up this decline in student interest with the nature of the traditional science curriculum and its inability to fuck off science meaningful and interesting to students (Fensham, 2004 Lyons, 2006). By making Science more relevant to a broader interview we can prepare prospective science degree students and professionals, as well as

Living with Chronic Illness Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Living with Chronic Illness - Article ExampleThrough methods of interpretive phenomenology in the Heideggerian tradition, which holds that a person is self-interpreting and understands a situation directly according to the meaning it has for her (Levin, 1999 as cited by Fox, 2008, 110). The data were poised using narrative accounts, interviews, transcribed verbatim results, of womens experiences of coping with chronic illness in singing with HCPs direct governance and assistance.The article revealed various experiences as narrated by the participants in terms of qualities of personableness and partnership with the place HCPs. The exercise of power and control was also evaluated as contributory to manifesting feelings of dependency, helplessness, oppression, and alienation, among others. The findings revealed that the status of these womens health were greatly and significantly influenced by the kind and level of relationship shared with their HCPs. As Fox revealed, the women exper ienced a sense of well-being in which they felt cared for and in which they were assured that they were not alone with their illness (Fox, 2008, 115). succeeding(a) implications for the research should focus on the development of committed and connected relationships between the patients and the HCPs, especially for women with chronic

Communities of Practice and Social Learning Systems Essay

Communities of Practice and Social tuition Systems - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that communities of practice define competence by fusing three elements. First, members of a connection pursue their collectively developed understanding and share a sense of joint enterprise. Members of a union build their enterprise (community) through mutual engagement as they interact with severally other in establishing norms and relationships of mutuality that reflect the social engagements. Thirdly, the communities of practice yield a shared repertoire of communal resources encompass aspects such as language, artifacts, and tools. The constitutive elements of the systems include communities of practice, boundary processes, and identities shaped by participation in the systems. The source outlines two aspects of a conceptual framework for comprehending social education systems a social definition of learning detailing social competence and personal experience comprising of engagement, imagi nation, and alignment. The distinction between the modes of belonging is critical since to each one mode contributes to a distinct facet of the development of social learning systems and individual identities. Engagement, imagination, and alignment principally coexist, and each social learning system involves each to some extent and in some combination, although each component requires distinct combinations. The author achieved his purpose in writing the article and demystifying social learning by individuals and organizations. The authors assertions are highly supported by facts. The notion of the community of practice has importantly influenced theory and practice in a broad range of fields such as availing a platform for peer-to-peer learning within organizations, victor development, and development of learning partnerships that are not captive to professional silos. As demonstrated, communities of practice are central to enhancing performance.

Business Law - Intellectual Property Rights Research Paper

Business Law - Intellectual Property Rights - Research musical theme ExampleThe purpose of this paper is to analyze intellectual prop rights in detail.The pioneer of intellectual property police was the patent fairness, passed through a congress majority in 1790 (UCSC, 2005). The 1970 intellectual property law had similar legal undertones as European patent law. The law stipulates that owner of a property has the easy lay right to access and use the said property (Petersen, 2011). Intellectual property laws, despite raising many another(prenominal) controversies, help to nurture global economic growth. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) estimates some companies shit over 40% of their asset base as intellectual property in terms of copyrights, patents and flip-flop secrets (UCSC, 2005). As a result, intellectual property law is gaining popularity in business today.Intellectual property laws is a set of limited rights given by law as patents, trademarks, indust rial designs, for products and services and copyright for literary and artistic works. Intellectual property rights offer state protection to creative works, and allow the originators to profit from them for a stipulated period of time (Singer & Schroeder, 2010). The laws also have a broader role of encouraging future innovators sh atomic number 18 their inventions with the world.Patents are the commonest of all intellectual property laws. Patents permit an individual to make, use, and sell a creation for 20 years. The establishment also provides protection and inimitability on the product (UCSC, 2005). However, the applicant must expose the details of what they seek to protect.A copyright, restricts the number of copies that can be prepared of a writing or work of art without approval, it lasts 70 years after a persons lifetime (Hooker, 2006). A copyright is an stress-free form of safeguard of intellectual property. As soon as somebody creates an artistic work, copyright law comes into effect, and violators can undergo prosecution. The copyright law

European Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

European Human Rights - Essay expressionIn this respect, this essay will argue that aside from the HRAs failure to properly incorporate the regulation rights a more crucial failure is the fact that it leaves courts hesitant to apply the legislation due to the vague guidelines given up chthonian section 3 of the Act.As previously mentioned, the HRA is meant to give guarantees to the rights and freedoms embodied in the convention. Among its effects, the Act renders it wrong for a public authority to act in a way which is incompatible with a Convention right.4 In addition, it also obliges courts to so far as possible to do so5, ensure that native legislation and subordinate legislation must be read and given effect in a way which is compatible with Convention rights6 and in instances where it is not possible, to make a declaration of that revulsion7. Since the Act came into effect, however, the HRAs significance in successfully protecting the rights and freedoms embodied in the Convention has been limited by the two aforementioned provisions.First, with regard to the obligation posed on authorities under section 6, campaign law has exhibited difficulties in determining whether or not the person in question of violating the Convention under the HRA is a public authority, aptly specify or not. Under section 6, public authorities argon defined as a court or tribunal or any person certain of whose functions ar functions of a public nature. 8 In this respect, the definition of public authority is imperative because in cases where violations of benevolent rights occurred, individuals can only be awarded damages against public authorities. As defined by the act, damages link to damages for an unlawful act of a public authority.9 The definition of public authority is so a crucial aspect of enforcing the law, and applying it in courts. However, difficulty lies in determining whether a person has functions that are of public nature and whether public authoriti es are operating under private transactions. In the case of Poplar Housing and Regeneration Community Association Ltd v Donoghue 2002 QB 48, 67, a private body was deemed to be performing public functions, and hence liable under section 6 of the Act.10 In this respect, the case was considered a landmark in case law regarding the definition of public authority, because it called for a generous interpretation of who is a public authority.11 As a result, the definition of the term achieved what Lord Irvine indicated as a essential for an extended and wide-ranging definition of public authority, in order to extend the liabilities under the HRA to return as much protection as possible for the rights of the individual against the misuse of power by the show preserving parliamentary sovereignty.12 However, the changing nature of government functions, as well as the growing partnership betwixt public and private organizations has rendered this already difficult task more complex. In thi s respect, Lord Nicholls illustrates this in Aston Cantlow v Wallbank 2004 1 AC 546, stating thatthere is no single test of universal application. There cannot be, given the various nature of governmental functions and the variety of means by which these functions are discharged today.

Are juvenile more likely to be dysfunctial from single parent homes Essay

Are teenaged more(prenominal) likely to be dysfunctial from single parent homes - Essay ExampleReynolds has referred to the comment of Yoshikawa (2004) that while the average expense for pre school intervention for a child is about 5000 USD, the average yearly expense for juvenile grip or incarceration is more than 30,000 USD and the results are not guaranteed in the latter case. Inner city realm of Chicago was chosen as the program was implemented in the poorest neighbourhoods that have been associated with high unemployment, low societal control and low quality schools that are predictors for delinquency and anti social behaviour.Reynolds (2008) points out that the tests conducted where based on certain indicators of delinquency such as school attendance, promiscuous behaviour, theft, aggressive behaviour and fighting and so on. Parents were encouraged and asked to attend counselling sessions for children. The author reports that delinquency incidents for children where both p arents attended the sessions and homes where both parents were present showed a reduction of 30%. On the other hand, children who came from homes with a single parent, typically the mother who worked the whole daylight showed a remarked reported increase in the incidents of delinquency by as much as 47%. There were other factors such as education of the parents, income levels, if the single parent was an alcoholic or do drugs addict and so on.While the research was very professionally conducted, the author has hypothesised that Juvenile Delinquency is wholly in poor and black neighbourhoods. Studies should also be performed among middle class white youths to form a relational subscribe that children from single parent homes have a higher tendency to commit juvenile delinquency incidents.Demuth (2004) has researched the occurrence between juvenile delinquency and single mother family versus two-parent family and single father family. This study was designed to identify the means b y which single parent increases delinquency and if effect is mainly a function of parental

How social class affect us who live in america Essay

How neighborly section affect us who live in america - Essay ExampleThe other septes work for the freshman crystallise. This paper outlines the effects of social classes in various fields. affectionate class affects education. In America, the white endure get favours when it comes to education. The whites are likely to pass their examinations compared to the other races, who are the minority. This is because the working classes, who are the whites, always do non expect much from their children (Leonhardt, 2005). The other minorities always have their hopes in their children, so that they help them in the future. This raises their expectations on the childrens results. The white children have everything, like financial support, and they are motivated to read more. need has affected the way children study, because most of the times they will be out of school looking for fees.Social class affects the health care of society. There is a difference in health standards between class es, and this is not only because of the level of income. There is inequality in supply of health necessities depending on the social class of individuals (Scott, 2005). The high class lived long and fell sick less often, as compared to, the turn down class. They have the incumbent resources to acquire medication and access health-improving activities like sports and gym. The subalterner classes face hardships in life making them habituated to diseases like hypertensions. They engage in healthy risky activities like abuse of drugs. Even if the low class gets employment, it will not improve their health because they will still live in areas of low standards.The social class affects how people relate to another. People socialize based on their level of classes. Most lower class men fear dating girls in the upper class (Lewin, 2012). The lower classes have low self-esteem because of their economic situation. They have stress, frustrations because of income inequality. The lower clas ses face many challenges, causing them to engage in cruel activities. They spend quality time away

Marketing mix of Coca-cola in the United Kingdom and the United States Essay

Marketing mix of Coca-cola in the fall in commonwealth and the United States - Essay ExampleThe Coca-Cola brand name was developed because of the ascetic value of the two Cs and the thought that this would make the company name stand out. In 1887 the extract and syrup for Coca-Cola was copyrighted. At this point, Asa Chandler became gnarly in the company, and attained personal control of both the formula and patents. He finally purchases the company in 1892 and continues to advertise the product and grow the company. In 1899, Chandler contracts a Chattanooga company to bottle Coca-Cola, a dispersal technique that the company continues today. By 1913, the company was spending more than $1 million annually in advertising, had began expansion into Asia and was distributed through upwards of 415,000 retailers. In 1916, the contour bottle was developed, a distinctive advertising weapon that was used to ensure recognisability of Coca-Cola. A substantial change came about for the Coca- Cola Company in 1919 when it was purchased by a group of investors, head of which was Earnest Woodruff. Throughout the following decades, the company move to develop, including the use of movie stars in advertising for the product, overseas bottling and the presence of Coca-Cola in South Africa, Australia and Austria. As the company continues to develop, superfluous beverages are added, and the distribution of the products expands throughout the world . Coca-Cola is now the most recognizable brand of soft drink intercontinental, and may be the most recognizable brand of any industry. Currently, Coca-Cola products are present in more than 200 countries and it is estimated that 1.7 one million million million servings of products are consumed each day. Worldwide, the company employs 139,600 staff members . The company is the largest beverage company... This essay will examine the trade mix employed by Coca-Cola in two countries, the United States, where the brand was first devel oped and the United Kingdom. This consists of four key components, known as the 4Ps product, price, promotion and placement. Coca-Cola has become a household name worldwide since its humble beginnings 125 years ago. Much of this growth comes from Coca-Colas innovative marketing methods and the way that the company right away responds to changes in demand and public opinion. This can be seen in the use of Santa Claus as an icon to addition winter sales and the recent marketing work to associate Coca-Cola with happiness. Coca-Cola has a large product line, which differs depending on the country. The USA and UK are different markets with different market environments, although they do have many similarities. For the most part, Coca-Cola has continued with its global strategy of using a general advertising approach, rather than one that is specific to country. The chief(prenominal) differences in marketing mix between the UK and the USA is the focus that the UK has on the environment and the need for additional information on packaging for the UK market that is not required in the US market. This trend may continue within the UK, creating significant differentiation between the two markets but currently Coca-Cola effectively in both countries uses most of the same marketing mix.

The Tragedy of September 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Tragedy of family line 11 - Essay ExampleThe paper The Tragedy of September 11 explores the tragedy in the USA. After 9/11 the US residents were supportive of presidents Bush declaration of war. Americans had suffered a great human loss as a result of a cowardly clap on American civilians. The American citizens were outraged and wanted action and retaliation against the perpetrators that destroyed downtown New York. There was no clear target as far the attack climax from typical enemies such a war declaration from another country. The government decided that the entire center East region was at fault because many terrorist organizations loomed in the area. This characterization of an entire race was a carefully plotted plan which utilized imaginative geographies to justify a full blown attack against Afghanistan and Iraq which were perceived as the epicenter in which the terrorist were located and planned their attacks against western nations. This paper analyzes how the War on Terror has utilized imaginative geographies as an effective strategic tool to continue its presence in the Middle East for nearly six years. Imaginative geographies refers to the dramatization of the differences between a dominant refinement and another culture, us and them, employed by folding difference in distance as the paint to create made up perceptions of events occurring in a place based on prejudice, racial difference and other generalization of an opposite culture. The U.S military and its allies including the British regime utilized imaginary geography.

Mickey and Eddie Essay Example for Free

rice paddy and Eddie EssayAs part of our Drama GCSE unit on Blood Br otherwises we were requires to apply a vast amount of sills and drama techniques in effectuate to improve our understanding of Blood Brothers in order to do this we completed various exercises to develop our explorative skills. One of the improvisations we had to partake in was the re-enactment of the issue cyclorama in Blood Brothers. As we had already seen the Blood Brothers production, this acted as twain an advantage and a hindrance. This acted as an advantage as we had an idea of two characters and therefrom an insight into how we could perform this re-enactment, however the single out was that this may prevent us from having our control over the character, this may also prevent us from employ our give birth imagination to interpret the character and their actions as we would have been heavily influenced to mimic what we had already seen. save though we already had familiarity with the production, as it had been a considerable amount of epoch from when we had seen the production, our drama teachers refreshed our memories by establishing a class discussion on the subject, and the briny themes of Blood Brothers. As a group discussed the main themes, scenes and then discussed the finale scene into depth while doing this we discussed what body language and facial expressions were used and what we completely found particularly effective in the scene.Once we had completed our discussion, we were then given a time frame to work towards. Once we had dispersed into our groups we divided the roles in the scene amongst ourselves Adrian as Eddie, I was rice paddy, Tamara was Mrs Johnston and both Zion and Emma acted as the police withdrawicers. I felt that this particular exercise was particularly interesting and beneficial for us all this is as we had a new insight and understanding of Blood Brothers on a high level.Through the re-enactment of the Blood Brothers production I also f ound a new knowledge of each character, particular Mickey (the character I played), this is because as you take on the role and youre in a maximum involvement level you absorb the character and believe in the scene although it is actually happening. This break to me felling more empathetic towards Mickey as I real felt able to relate to his feelings and his situation, therefore understanding what made him react in the way he did.Mickey reacted in the way he did as he was angry and felt completely betrayed by Eddie, his feelings werent helped by what hed already been through in prison and with him now having to be on medication. Our own re-enactment was fairly accurate to what we had seen in the reduction, however I genuinely feel that we added our own input and originality into the way the final scene was devised and appe ared to be (this is inevitable as when you relate to a character, your own feelings and opinions are bound to show through).In our own finale, Adrian (Eddie) ope ned the scene by thanking the sense of hearing for being elected as councillor, while doing so my character then interrupts by running down the stairs and onto the arcdegree. I felt that y my character (Mickey) running down the tiered seating stairs, the audience became more involved in the scene. My character then started pushing Eddie and shouting active his infidelity with Lynda, Eddie then tries to reassure Mickey and justify himself by claiming that both him and Linda are only friends. At this dapple my character becomes enraged and grabs him by his collar.In our re-enactment there was more physical violence and clash on Mickeys part, I felt that this would portray his rage more effectively. I also took a conscious(p) decision to make Mickeys tone of voice, behaviour and body language very erratic this was in order to portray t the audience that he wasnt in a completely stable state of mind. As b5h character continued in their confrontation, Eddie continues to try and mak e peace with Mickey and when it reaches the heightened tension of Mickey fostering a gun to Eddies head, Mrs Johnston shouts stop and runs onto the scene.At this stoppage both police officers run to the bottom of the stage from separate sides, a voice then circulates the room, saying we have you surrounded, put the gun down. At this point my character then starts to look around, suspicious close where the noise is emerging from at this point I lower the gun. I feel this part of our re-enactment is particularly effective and original as all the other groups used the same approach as the one used in the production whereas in our own improvisation we devised it to appear as though the police have surrounded the building on the away(p) and are ready to burst in at any time.At this not Mrs Johnston (Tamara) then reveals to both Mickey and Eddie that they are literally Blood Brothers as they are twins that were separated at birth, at this point both brothers ask why, at this point Mrs Johnston continues to explain. However in the middle of her explanation Mickey makes his final outburst screaming that because of being with her hes ended up with no career or bills whereas Eddie has managed to become some great councillor Mrs Johnston then tries to calm Mickey down and t this point his voice raises, as does his hand and gun and he screams It should be me, at this point the gun goes off and Eddies killed.Meanwhile at the same point one of the police officers (Emma) emerges on scene and reacts to the sound of the poke by shooting Mickey. I felt particular sympathy for the police offer that shot Mickey as she only reacted to the gun shot she had heard. I also feel that this particular situation gives the audience a real understanding into how difficult the job of a police officer can really be as they are often put in compromising situations in which quick intellect decisions have to be made. Another improvisation we re-enacted was the kids play scene.Our drama te achers explained that the purpose of this is to enable us to fall away all inhibitions and feel in essence what its like to be a child again. We were then told about Starkravskis theory on the three essential skills tat needed in order for a soulfulness to be a god actor, the most important factor being that of naivatiae. This means to be in a child like state, oblivious to anyone there and t feel completely free, this is as children are extremely nai ve and innocent and with this they can believe in anything, allowing them to have a vivid imagination.

Full Day Kindergarten Essay Example for Free

replete Day Kindergarten EssayFull twenty-four hours kindergarten should be mandatory and of no extra exist for all(a) of the mere(a) teachs. This will make headway the pip-squeakrens academic achievement. The children that are exposed to in effect(p) solar twenty-four hour period kindergarten will learn much in literacy and mathematics than those in one-half-day kindergarten. The students that are in a abounding moon day computer programme detect to throw much measure on their math, writing, and interpretation activities. The broad day students besides captivate the advantage of macrocosm capable to participate in gym, art, and medicament classes. The half-day students do not get to experience gym, art, or music class. I harbour seen results first hand beca utilize I chose to put my son in a respectable day kindergarten versus the half-day. I chose to bring my son to a school that is located in Fridley so that he could receive the avails of the full d ay kindergarten. The half-day program that Blaine offers has a very undesirable schedule for parents who work. The half-day schedule for Blaine elementary school is full days Mondays, Wednesdays, and every other Friday. I think that the earlier the educational intercession begins the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) the impact and the more likely the effects will be retained. separate than the health of a child, I think that nothing should be more all-important(prenominal) than their education. Giving children the opport unity to be in a full day kindergarten program recalls them opportunities that the half-day students do not receive. One of the opportunities is be able to decease more time on instruction, writing, and math. The teachers in like manner countenance more time to sit one on one with each student one or in small stems and work on these skills.They also have a different theme for each month that they focus on. Some examples of the themes are the solar system, U. S. residents, maps, and the celebrations around the world. Children also absorb things more easily when they are younger. Being a mother of a full day kindergarten student, I see the results of the extra nurture, writing, and math that the teacher does with him. My son is one of the youngest in his class and he is reading at a first grade level. As for his writing, he move to write big words victimisation phonics. For example, I came home one day a a few(prenominal) months ago and he had written on his dry erase board I see a red ladebug. He also brought home a worksheet that he had written ab reveal his favorite fruits.On this worksheet, he had written watrmlon. As far as his math goes, he is always measuring things in the house with a kids yard ruler. The themes that they work on each month give the students the ability to know what is going on in the world around them. My son came home from school one day and told me that in that respect was a planet that was not considered a planet anymore. I did not know this and I was in set down awe. accord to Debra Ackerman, Children in full day kindergarten programs score higher on their achievement test than those in half-day programs.Full-day kindergarten advocates suggest that a longer school day provides educational remain firm that ensures a productive beginning school experience and increases the chances of future school success. In some(prenominal) full-day and half-day programs, kindergartners drop most of their class time working on reading, language arts, and math activities, but the perfect number of minutes teachers devote to specific subjects differs. For example, 80 share of full day but solo about 50 percent of half-day programs devote more than 30 minutes each day to mathematics instruction.Sixty-eight percent of full day but only 37 percent of half-day classrooms dedicate at least 60 minutes to reading instruction each day. Perhaps most striking, 79 percent of full-day teachers read alou d to their students every day, compared to 62 percent of half-day teachers. Reading aloud is a critical action in helping to give out childrens reading skills. Additional explore shows childrens literacy learning is heighten in full-day programs, as the full-day schedule provides a more intensive, ongoing, enriched language and literacy experience for the young child. (Ackerman) Children in full day kindergarten programs score higher on their achievement test than those in half-day programs.I asked my sons kindergarten teacher, Ms. Janssen, what the average for reading was for her class. Ms. Janssen stated that the majority of her students are already in the first grade reading level as of the end of the second trimester. As said by the Indiana sleeper of ordinary enlighten Super Intendants, Full day kindergarten programs are associated with greater reading achievement gains during the kindergarten grade than half day programs. Plucker, 6) The students are graded on their wr iting and math abilities as well. check to the Kalamazoo Public Schools reports, The group of kindergartners advanced in 2010 to first grade at Kalamazoo Public School, where 60 percent tested at or above the 50th percentile in reading on the Iowa evidence of Basic Skills conk out April. Thats a 7-point increase compared to Kalamazoo Public School first-graders tested in April 2009, Rice said. On the Iowa Test Basic Skills math test, 52 percent of first-graders tested at or above the 50th percentile last spring, a 12-point jump over spring 2009.The Iowa Test of Basic Skills are administered in schools across the nation and is a norm-referenced test, which means scores are based on how students perform compared to other test-takers. The Kalamazoo Public School results show that 60 percent of Kalamazoo students are in the top half of first-graders nationwide in reading and 52 percent are in the top half in math. (Mack) Children who are in full day kindergarten have better social and behavioral effects than those who are in half-day kindergarten. When children are in school for the full day they have more time to get to know the other students.They get more time to interact together socially and they are learning art object they are interacting. The students also get to go to specialists and they go with their classmates. Some of the specialists that Hayes Elementary offers are music, art, Spanish, and gym. Going to the specialist is something that the full day kindergarteners get to do and the half-day kindergarteners do not get to do. These students also get to spend more time with the teacher. This means that they will be less hesitant to approach their teacher.According to Clark, Some researchers have examined social and behavioral effects. According to researchers, a clear relationship emerged between the kindergarten schedule and childrens behavior. Teachers rated children in all-day kindergarten programs higher on 9 of the 14 dimensions there were n o significant differences on the other 5 dimensions. Other researchers who have studied social and behavioral outcomes found that children in all-day kindergarten programs were engaged in more child-to-child interactions and they do significantly greater progress in learning social skills. Clark) In the kindergarten classrooms of Hayes Elementary, the students get into groups called gists. During this center time, the teacher takes a group of five students to a table to do independent reading and the hiatus of the students go to a center. The centers are groups of three or four students and the students get to interact socially while doing something educational. Some examples of the centers are writing center, earreach center, leapster center, and art center. The writing center is where the students can write freely.The listening center is where the students put on headphones, listen to directions, and write down what they hear. The leapster center is where the students get to p lay a handheld learning game that integrates math, reading, and spelling in the games. Finally, the art center is where the students get to draw and show what they want. When the time is up the students clean up as groups. A full day of learning offers many a(prenominal) social and emotional benefits to kindergarteners. As stated by NEA, They have more time to focus and resound on activities, and they have more time to transition between activities.When children are taught by qualified teachers, using age-appropriate curricula in small classes they can take full advantage of the additional learning timesocial, emotional, and noetic that a full day allows. Further, research finds that children adjust well to the full-day format. (NEA) The full day kindergarten teachers plan and use the extra time in class well. The time in class is spent differently in both the full day kindergarten and the half-day kindergarten.According to the research that the Indiana Association of Public Sc hool Superintendents, The research provides evidence that time in full day kindergarten programs is different both quantitatively and qualitatively from how time is utilize in half day programs (Plucker, ii). Full day kindergarten offers benefits to teachers. Teachers prefer the full day program to the half-day program. If there is a child that is struggling with something, the teacher has the ability to find time to help that student. in that respect is also more time to finish activities. According to Ms. Janssen, With the full day program I am able to get through four reading groups versus two reading groups in one day. With the full day program we are able to go more in depth on our unit that we focus on in class. (Janssen) According to the NEA, Switching to full-day kindergarten gave teachers more time to plan the curriculum, incorporate a greater number of thematic units into the school year, and offer more in-depth coverage of each unit. (NEA) In the half-day programs there is less time for multiple activities. According to Dr. Martinez, Many kindergarten teachers favor full day kindergarten because they find it vexed to balance cognitive activities and affective social activities in the short kindergarten day. (Martinez, 2) Teachers also prefer full day kindergarten because there is more instructional time than that of a half-day kindergarten program.As stated by the Indiana Association of Public School Superintendents, Across all of the schools in the Indiana sample, the proportion of instructional time is like across program types, resulting in much greater instructional time in full day programs, representing approximately 40-50% more instruction in full day programs than half-day programs. (Plucker, ii) Teachers also have the benefit of acquire to know the students and their parents better. According to Dr. Martinez, Teachers state that they have a chance to know children and parents better, to do more individualism of instruction, and to e xpand the curriculum horizontally. (Dr. Martinez) There are so many benefits for the children.A very important benefit is that the full day kindergarteners have the opportunity to an easier transition into the first grade because they are already used to the full day schedule. The time that the students get to spend with the teacher is a great benefit as well. The extra time that is spent with the teacher is as much beneficial for the teacher as it is for the students. According to the research from Dr. Martinez, Teachers thought children developed closer relationships and were more relaxed in the full-day program and felt more a part of the school.Teachers indicated they were able to give more individual attention to students and that children had more time to develop both academic and socialization skills. Teachers noted they could work more on the continuing development of each child and felt children showed more advancement. Teachers indicated they felt closer to the children an d that they got to know both child and family better. Some indicated in the full day they felt more flexible, were more relaxed and spontaneous, and felt better prepared to meet with parents. (Dr. Martinez, 6) The time that the students get to spend on activities is another great benefit.According to NEA, in a study evaluating teachers views on full-day kindergarten, teachers describe a number of benefits for themselves as well as children and parents. Participating in full day eased the transition to first grade, helping children adapt to the demand of a six-hour day. Having more time available in the school day offered more flexibility and more time to do activities during free choice times. Having more time actually made the kindergarten program less stressful and frustrating for children because they had time to fully develop an interest in activities.Participating in he full-day schedule allows more appropriate academic challenges for children at all developmental levels. Ch ildren with developmental delays or those at venture for school problems benefited from having more time to complete projects and more time for needed socialization with peers and teachers. (NEA) Full day kindergarten offers more benefits to the students that are at risk and children that come from educational and economical disadvantaged homes. If the full day kindergarten programs cost money, as most do, they cost around 3000 dollars per child for the year. The 3000 dollars is charged to the parents of the child.The children that come from the educationally and economically disadvantaged homes would not be able to attend because of the cost. These children are the ones that benefit from the program the most. According to the Indiana Superintendents, Students at or below the poorness level enrolled in full day kindergarten scored statistically significantly higher in math and reading than their half day counterparts.Poor children enrolled in full day kindergarten programs tested statistically significantly above half day pupils on reading, spatial, and verbal skills, naming colors and letters, and identifying numerals. (Plucker, 6) Parents prefer full day kindergarten as well. I as a mother prefer the full day kindergarten program to the half-day program. One of the advantages is that I do not have to infix out childcare and who would bring my son to the childcare. Trying to figure out childcare and school between my job schedule would be undesirable. As said by Dr. Martinez, Full-day kindergarten saves parents day-care problems, while providing children a comprehensive, developmentally-appropriate program.Parents said that children often feel more stress when they have to go from a school situation to a day-care environment, where different rules and philosophies apply. Therefore, parents favor a full-day program, which reduces the number of transitions kindergartners experience in a typical day. (Dr. Martinez) Full day kindergarten also takes a huge co st out of many parents monthly budget including mine. Even though some people would be against this and say, Why would I have to assume for your childcare? I would say that many parents including myself pay taxes too.Their parents wanted them to have the best education that they could have gotten. Most importantly, I know that my son and many other children are getting the best out of their day while they are in school. They are having fun while they are learning. My son enjoys being in school. If he had a choice, he would go on Saturdays and Sundays. Children attending full day kindergarten spend the day learning instead of watching television or playing video games. Full-day kindergarten provides parents with better support for their children.According to NEA, For parents who work outside the home, full-day kindergarten means that children do not have to be shuffled between home, school, and childcare. For all parents, there is more continuity and less disruption in the childs d ay and more time for focused and independent learning. One study of parent attitudes found that after the second year of a full-day kindergarten program, 100 percent of full-day parents, and 72 percent of half-day parents noted that, if given the opportunity again, they would have chosen full-day kindergarten for their child. (NEA)In conclusion, having full day kindergarten should be mandatory. There are many benefits of the full day kindergarten program. The benefits are not limited to the students. Teachers and parents also get great benefits out of the full day program. According to MaryBeth, Research has shown that it is important to begin learning early in life. School systems that have implemented the academically based full day kindergarten are finding it to be successful.If I had to choose again if a child of mine was going to go to full day or half-day kindergarten, I would not nonetheless have to think twice. A childs education should be one of the most important things to think about. These children will be the future and they need a great education to get there.

Evaluation Proposal Essay Example for Free

Evaluation Proposal EssayAbstractThe driving force that stimulates the founders and leaders of the computer chopine LAs scoop out to aggressively seek military ratings for the course is its genuine link to be effective and efficient in delivering the goals of the architectural plan to disadvantage babyren, rather than a pointislative requirement.The managements initiative of professionalizing practitioners in the after train computer program, particularly the caters pass on make a significant impress on LAs vanquish, because these individuals be the key players in the implementation and boilersuit support establishment that the program provides for the disadvantaged children participating in this after trail program. As the staffs ar the ones involved in giving custodial care and making the encyclopaedism surroundings/activities more gentle for the children.There are many military ranks that were done for after train program as discussed by Scott-Little, Hamann Jurs (2002, p. 394) ordinarily it is the children that are evaluated. Yet for the program to be effective, there is a quest to evaluate the staff.This evaluation scheme is being submitted to meet that need, a methodological research has been intentional to gather teaching that leave alone pack management to create staff development sessions that bequeath affirm and promote best practices for the program. It was also designed to gather perceptions of professionalism of the staff and to articulate the core knowledge and skills required by staffs in after naturalise programs and how these may be acquired and updated, as well.Introduction In 2002, Congress passed into law the No Child go forth down (NCLB) toy of 2001. The passage of this act has significantly amended the Elementary and Secondary upbringing Act to expand State and local accountability and flexibility, and to stress the adoption of research-based practices. (Mahoney Zigler, 2006) It also contained a number of hot provisions that specifically affected the program of 21st Century Communities Learning Centers (21st CCLC) that was authorized under human action IV, Part B, of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA).It gave the States the responsibility to focus on the 21st CCLC program with specific purposes (1) to provide opportunities for academic enrichment, particularly to students in high-poverty areas and those who attend low-performing schoolhouses. And to back up the students meet State and local standards in core academic subjects such as reading and mathematics (2) to offer students a wide-eyed array of additional services, programs, and recreational activities, that are designed to reinforce and complement the regular academic program of participating students and (3) to offer families of students served by community learning centers opportunities for literacy and related trainingal development. At the same time, centers help molding parents by providing a safe purlieu for students during non-school hours, or periods when the school is not in session. (The Law, 2006). description of the ProgramIt was in 1988 (Factsataglance.2.doc, 2007) when former Los Angeles whitethornor Tom Bradley created a program to address the growing concern of the community regarding the alarming increase of violent crimes that are mostly attributed to street gangs the rising numbers of school drop outs, and the proliferation of illegal drugs being apply by minors.In the belief that it was the citys positive moral obligation to help these individuals, Bradley created a 55-member whitethornors Education Council, consisting of leaders coming from the business, education, child care, government, entertainment and industry sectors of the community. These leaders were tasked to structure and implement the program which was called LAs Better Educated savants for Tomorrow or LAs ruff. LAs BEST is an innovative after school program that provides a safe and su pervised learning environment for children ages 5- 12 years old immediately after the close of apiece school day until 6pm without embody to parents. Working parents of inner-city children, particularly those belonging to the low-income family groups, are anxious about the safety of their children during the hours after school day.As explained by Riggs Greenberg (2004) these hours are considered high risk based on studies of previous researchers, especially if minors are left unsupervised. Many parents fear their children will be exposed to and /or be influenced by plurality with destructive behaviors exacerbated by poverty. And the children themselves live expressed their fears and threats on their well being in their immediate environment or neighborhoods when inter berthed according to Huang, Gribbons, Kim, Lee Baker (2000, p. 20).Goals of the Program The LAs BEST program has been designed to provide custodial care, and to provide activities to meet specific educational, so cial, and motivational goals. (Huang et al, 2000) The programs goals can be concisely summarized as 1) to provide a safe supervised environment for the musicians during the hours after the close of each school day until 6pm, and 2) to develop the learning bring of the participants through a positive support system in place that would address the participants academic, social and motivational needs.Brief description of the theory behind the programThe theory behind the program is that when caring, responsible adults are connecting with the children in the hours after the close of each school day, these adults make the place safe to be for the children after school, and make the learning environment and activities more pursue for the children, and are considered as a key player in making a positive impact on the childrens academic achievements, enhanced social skills and emotional maturity.And in order for a program to deliver high quality service, priority should be given on profe ssionalizing and training the staffs involved in the program particularly to the staff that will provide custodial care and learning activities to the children.Description of the customerWith this in mind, this program evaluation is being done for LAs BEST with the aim of giving management an overview of the topical skill level within the after school program of LAs BEST commenting on both skills, experience and training undertaken by staffs providing custodial care and learning activities to children.Information will also be poised on employers expectations of skills needed by the staffs employed in this program both at present and in the future. The reason that this information is being gathered is to countersink if there is a gap between the actual skills level and the duties required to competently manage and implement the program. The information from this evaluation will be used to identify priority areas to be addressed in a proposed Staff Development Framework that LAs BEST wishes to develop.Evaluation MethodologyEvaluation/Research methodological design employedResearch for this evaluation will be conducted in two parts, the first part being 1) a literature round off of information available from LAs BEST commenting on current skill levels of the staffs providing custodial care and learning activities to the children. The literature go off summarizes findings of research to be conducted into training, qualifications, and skill levels of the staffs in LAs BEST, 2) snug interview of participants while convocation the literature review and, 3) Observational research commencing on site selection and interaction with participants.The second part will be the go over proper using the structure nousnaire for the skill audit adopt 1) gathering information from managers/supervisors participants and 2) gathering selective information from staff participants.Implementation measuresThe literature review summary will supplement information pinched fr om the second part of the research, the skill audit survey and, combined, will give a more holy view of the current skill level of the staffs.The second part of the research for this report will be conducted through a targeted survey of managers and supervisors in LAs BEST and their respective staffs. A survey of eight questions concerning the skills of staff in relation to the duties they perform will be gathered from the managers and supervisors. While another survey of 14 questions will be gathered from the staffs.Outcome measuresFindings from the two areas of research will be contrasted to find notability areas of commonality and discrepancy and the results of this comparison will be include in this evaluation. Issues that will be raise during the survey will also be included.Evaluation questions to be addressed through a targeted survey of managers/supervisors.How many staffs are involved in custodial care in your program?What are the learning activities that your program ut ilizes and how many staffs are handling each activity?Of the staffs nominated in question 1 and 2, how many have completed or undergoing training?Indicate levels of training undertaken by staff.Indicate whether staff, in the future, plan to undertake training and at what level.What duties are required of your staff?Identify areas in which staffs need to acquire skills.Do you have a workforce plan? Is professionalizing the staff identified as a training need within the plan?Evaluation questions to be addressed through a targeted survey of staffsWhat is your current employment type? (Please tick one that apply)__Full Time __Part Time __Casual __Permanent __Contract__ Job Share __Flexible Hours __Other (please specify) _________________On average how many hours per week do you work?__1 to 10 hours __31 to 40 hours __more than 60 hours__11 to 20 hours __41 to 50 hours__21 to 30 hours __51 to 60 hoursHow long have you held your current position?__less a year __3 to less than 7 years _ _more than 10 years__1 to less than 3 years __7 to 10 yearsWhat is your current pedigree title? ____________________Does a formal (written) description of your current position exist?__Yes __Yes, but it is not up to date__Yes, I would be willing to provide a copy __NoWhat duties form part of your role on a regular theme? ___________________What skills do you use on a regular basis? ____________________________How does your employer support your professional development?What is the highest level of education you have completed?How relevant has your educational solid ground been to your current position?How have you kept yourself informed about after school issues over the former(prenominal) 12 months?How many years have you worked in this industry?Do you have a question that you feel should be included in future staff surveys?Do you wish to be contacted in regard to any issues you may have raised within your response to this survey?Manager/ supervisor ParticipantsManager/Superv isor participant surveys are designed to articulate staff observation and assess areas to determine and address the different needs of staff. Gathered constructive feedback will guide management to create staff development sessions that will affirm and promote best practices in the program.Staff ParticipantsHiring new after school staff member who are fully prepared is rare to find. The reasons are most newly hired staff just graduated from college and are completely new to the field another reason is the hired staff is experienced in a traditional recreational program and/or in an education set-up and is immersed in a school culture that is totally different from an after school culture. The staff participant surveys are designed to articulate the core knowledge and skills needed by the staffs in after school programs and how these may be acquired and updated, and how staffs perceive professionalism.Study Implementation ProceduresProject management Before starting the evaluation formally, the following tasks are needed 1) A meeting between the evaluators and LAs BEST management will have to be set-up to communicate and explicate the evaluation project to reach an agreement on the scope of work to be done, timelines and deliverablesand to assimilate what other issues or concerns the management would want to include that is congruent to the evaluation, 2) the evaluation team must make themselves familiar with the program by making ocular visitation of the sites, interviewing managers/supervisors and staffs and take eminence of proposed modifications in the evaluation design to assimilate these individuals issues or concerns that is congruent to the evaluation. These proposed modifications will have to be communicated and explicated to LAs BEST management and upon their acclamation will be incorporated to the evaluation design prior to launch.Site recruitment This proposal aims to make an exhaustive evaluation of all elementary schools across the City of Los Angeles that are included in the LAs BEST program, which are 147 sites as stated in LAs BEST literature. (Overview.2.doc, n.d.)Data collection and data entryThe data collection tools that will be used in this evaluation are 1) vivacious data or statistics from record files of LAs BEST that would yield demographic information as well as other personal data of the participants, 2) direct observation of participants during surveys and actual on site visitation, 3) survey questionnaires, and 4) loose interview.All surveys are structured to provide information on two major areas how the managers/supervisors view the staffs and how the staffs view themselves with regards to, 1) the knowledge and skills needed by after school staffs and 2) the degree of professionalism of after school staffs. All data collected will be documented.Data analysis and reportingCollected data will be analyzed through calculating percentages and descriptive statistics. After data has been analyzed and int erpreted, an evaluation report will be prepared comprising of 1) an executive summary, 2) an introduction which describes the program, its components, the target population, and the goals and objectives of the program,3) a methodology which describes how the program was actually utilize as well as how the data was collected, what instruments were used to collect the data and how the data was analyzed, 4) the results dent of the data analysis containing concrete data, 5) a discussion section explaining how the data was interpreted, provides answers to evaluation questions, 6) discloses any problems or issues encountered in the evaluation, 7) suggestions on what could be done in the future to improve other similar evaluations, and 8) a recommendations section where recommendations are made based on findings.Study TimelineThe overall project management timeline of the evaluation proposal is presented in the table below (see Table 1). The appropriate timelines for each task within eac h evaluation phase is also specified. Our goal is to begin the evaluation in May 2007 and conclude with the final reporting in October 2008.Table 1 Project Management Timeline EvaluationPeriod human bodyTaskPhase 1(Pre-Test)Meeting between evaluators andLAs BEST ManagementMay 2007 to July 2007Increase familiarity with sitesMay 2007 to July 2007Deliberation and approval of modificationsMay 2007 to July 2007Phase 2(Test 1)Site recruitment (147 sites)August 2007Literature ReviewAugust 2007 to October 2007Informal interview of participantsAugust 2007 to October 2007Observational researchAugust 2007 to October 2007Phase 3(Test 2) subject Questionnaire Managers/SupervisorsSeptember 2007Survey Questionnaire StaffsOctober 2007 to December 2007Phase 4Data Collection/Data Entry/Data AnalysisMay 2007 to March 2008ReportingJanuary 2008 to April 2008Phase 5Presentation of Final Report to LAs BEST ManagementMay 2008ReferencesFactsataglance.2.doc. (2007). LAs BEST. Retrieved April 26, 2007. From h ttp//www.lasbest.org/resourcecenter/index.phpHuang, D., Gribbons, B., Kim, K., Lee, C. Baker, E. (2000). A Decade of Results The Impact of the LAs BEST After School Enrichment Program on Subsequent Student Achievement and Performance. UCLA Center for the Study of Evaluation. Retrieved April 26, 2007 from http//www.lasbest.org/resourcecenter/ucla.phpMahoney, J. Zigler, E. (2006). Translating science to policy under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Lessons from the national evaluation of the 21st-Century Community Learning Centers. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 27, 282294Overview.2.doc. (n.d.). LAs BEST. Retrieved April 26, 2007. From http//www.lasbest.org/resourcecenter/index.phpRiggs, N. Greenberg, M. (2004). outside Youth Development Programs A Developmental-Ecological Model of Current Research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 7, (3) September 2004.Scott-Little, C., Hamann, M. Jurs, S. (2002). Evaluations of outside Programs A Meta-Evaluation of Methodologies and Narrative Synthesis of Findings. American Journal of Evaluation 23 387. Retrieved April 25, 2007 from http//aje.sagepub.comThe Law (2006) Office of Non-Public Education (ONPE) The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. US Department of Education. Retrieved May 3, 2007 from http//www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/pg55.html

Swot Analysis Sandals Essay Example for Free

Swot Analysis Sandals set aboutSandals (Beaches) is a Caribbean Based Resort Hotel Chain, that was only recently established, but has proved to be highly successful, found on their innovative marketing c at one timepts. This SWOT analysis is about Sandals. In Montego Bay, Jamaica, in 1981, Gordon Butch Stewart, took pock of an old hotel sitting on Jamaicas largest underground white sand beach, bought it, fixed it up and overt the hotel doors for business. With no prior experience, the investor envisioned a marketing plan for the renovate to cater to couples only. Sandals Montego Bay became the first each-inclusive vacation concept, and by year-end of 1988, Sandals re charmingd and perfected concepts, much(prenominal) as, swim-up pool bars, royal treatment with private beaches, breakfast in bed, and beachfront gourmet meals. In 2004, the resort hit great heights with the creation of the companys last-ditch wholly-inclusive butler assistance. With thriving expansions, Sa ndals currently holds locations in Jamaica, St. Lucia, Antigua, and the Bahamas, totaling 12 resorts.A long way from one, hold up down hotel on a private sandy beach Today, the resort tosss luxury package vacations, fine dining, night entertainment, scuba diving and water sports, golf and land sports, spas, and wedding packages. Sandals is committed to the resorts mission of .attaching a premium to sympathetic resources and being among the most environmentally prudent and community friendly groups in the hospitality industry (Sandals Resorts, 2007). Sandals resorts continue to penetrate the market with their couples only concept, and drive home expanded this concept with accommodations for families through former(a) beach resorts, branded Beaches. StrengthsThey created the idea of a couples only resort by introducing the Sandals resort they also opened Beaches, a family luxury resort Royal Plantation, trinity exclusive luxury oriented resorts with butler service and private ai rplanes and the Grand Pineapple, a value resort for families. All Sandals resorts are Green Globe advised it means that the staff is continually trained by local politics run environmental organizations, they superintend and conserve all water use on property, they use times on all electrical equipment such as Jacuzzi blowers, steam rooms at the Spa, outdoor lighting for walkways, refrigeration equipment in the kitchens, etc., recycle food, and office paper, reducing the use of all hazardous chemicals and Inviting local craft vendors to the hotel at least once per week to display and sell their craft items. Winner of thousands of awards, includingSix time winner of the Gold croak Life honour by Virgin Holidays. Nine time winner of the Baxter act Media award for favourite(a) Resort. 2008 Thomas Cook Award for stovepipe Hotel Chain, and Best Wedding and Honeymoon Hotel. TripAdvisor awarded them the 2007 and 2008 Worlds closely Romantic encompassing Resort. Travel + Leisure Magazine awarded them one of the top 25 hotels in the Caribbean for 2002, 2006 and 2008. Cond Nast Magazine Readers Choice canvass awarded them one of the top 25 Caribbean Resorts for 2006, 2007 and the top 15 Caribbean Resorts and Spas for 2000, 2004 and 2005.They have made the Cond Nast Magazine Gold mention every year from 2000-2007. In 2007, they were conkn a World Savers Award by Cond Nast Magazine for their Adopt-A-School program. In 2006 they won second place in the Caribbean Travel and Life Magazine Readers Choice poll for Best blanket(prenominal) Resort. In 2005 Modern Bride Magazine voted them the Favorite panoptic Resort and in 2008 the Best All-Inclusive Resort chain. American Express gave them the Caribbean Environmental Award for Green Hotel of the year, 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2007. They earned the Travel Weekly Magellan Award for Overall Eco-Friendly Resort in 2008.They were voted Travel Weekly America and UK Readers Choice for Best All-Inclusive Resort, 6 years i n a row. TravelAge Editors Pick Award for Best Caribbean Resort in 2006, 2007 and 2008. World Travel Magazine award for Caribbeans Leading Resort Hotel Brand winner 14 years in a row Best All-Inclusive Company winner 12 years in a row, Worlds Most Romantic Resort winner 11 years in a row. 2006 British Airways Best self-employed person Hotel Group.2007 British Travel Awards for Best All-Inclusive Resort-13th year in a row-and the Consumer Favorite All-Inclusive Resort. larboard Cruise Magazine Editor-in-Chief Award for Best All-Inclusive Resort, 2005-2007. Selling Long-Haul UK Travel Award for Best All-Inclusive Resort, and Best Hotel in the Caribbean in 2003. Sandals and Beaches resorts offer an innovative concept in their all-inclusive environments, contrived to give vacationers completely worry-free accommodations. Guests do not have to pay for food, activities, babysitting, or entertainment while at their resorts.This allows guests to decelerate and more effectively utilize th eir vacation time. They employ guest coordinators, trained to be experts in human relations, to make guests feel at home, coordinating the guest activities and making sure that everything works the way it should. They utilisation TQM throughout all levels of staff. In the couples only market (that they created) they cater to different markets by offering three different levels of suites the basic all-inclusive suites, the crystal suites that have their own private pool and the millionaire suites that are disassemble villas with butler service. WeaknessesThey need to communicate the resorts view on environmental issues. For instance, Sandals beach resort received a Green Globe Certification for commitment to natural resources, but they dont advertise or communicate it In this economic downturn, Americans want to feel good about spending their money in socially responsible ways and the Green Globe Certification is highly prestigious. They spent a huge amount of superior setting up a new resort in Barbados, only to have it sit there, unoccupied. The government of Barbados does not allow their beaches to be blocked off with fences, and Sandals requires that their guests be kept separate from otherwise nation to prevent crime and interlopers.They have been at odds about this issue since 2001 and their fully completed resort there has yet to see its first guest. As with all tourist destinations, they are dependent on a healthy economy in countries whose citizens have more discretionary income to spend, and vacation regularly. The American apparent movement toward staycations will cause their revenue to decrease. They need to better position themselves against competition, other luxury resorts, Breezes All-Inclusive Resorts and other popular destinations for honeymoons and families.OpportunitiesOpening new resorts in Belize, or Hawaii, and some non beach areas such as Alaska and cobalt they could also open resorts in other International settings such as China , Japan, Taiwan, France, Spain, Italy, Greece, Australia, Mexico and Brazil. Promote their resorts at all Bridal and Child/Baby Expos in major cities, in order to reach the largest numbers of their put market. They can make use of high definition, interactive sales pitches that will allow honeymooners and families to book their vacations on the spot. Attending the National Wedding Show in London every February.Creating a joint gamble with Davids Bridal, creating a presence on all of the major wedding provision websites, Parents Magazine and on Nickelodeon. During the economic downturn, they need to play up the all-inclusive angle of their resorts creating a marketing campaign that emphasizes the money economy aspects of their vacation destinations, and the fact that guests dont need to worry about extra expenses. July 2009 Sandals announced that they will partner up with Martha Stewart to Launch Martha Stewart Weddings Program in the Caribbean beginning in 2010.Guests will be abl e to book a Martha Stewart Wedding at any of the 12 Sandals Resorts or four Beaches Family Resorts. In addition, they will introduce Martha Stewart Crafts classes for adults at Sandals Resorts and craft camps for families at Beaches Resorts in 2010. The Futures Company (formerly Yankelovich), said that destination weddings are on the upswing with 31% of brides ages 21-30 planning to have a destination wedding previous studies indicated that destination weddings represented 10% to 20% of all weddings.One threat that cannot be controlled is the weather. Hurricanes are bad for business all over the Caribbean however, they can offer guarantees so their guests will feel more secure when booking a vacation. There are some(prenominal) ethical arenas that need to be understood when dealing with the tourism industry. If any of these becomes a problem or causes bad PR it can affect the company and eventually their profit margin. Crime rates typically increase with the growth and urbanization of an area and growth of mass tourism is often accompanied by increased crime. The presence of a large number of tourists with a lot of money to spend, and often carrying valuables such as cameras and jewelry, increases the attraction for criminals and brings with it activities like robbery and drug dealing. Tourism can also drive the festering of gambling, which may cause negative changes in social behavior.Many jobs in the tourism sector have working and handicraft conditions that leave much to be desired long hours, unstable employment, low pay, shortsighted training and poor chances for qualification. In addition, recent developments in the travel and tourism trade (liberalization, competition, concentration, drop in travel fares, growth of subcontracting) and introduction of new technologies seem to reinforce the trend towards more precarious, flexible employment conditions. For many such jobs young children are recruited, as they are cheap and flexible employees.The commer cial inner exploitation of children and young women has paralleled the growth of tourism in many parts of the world. Though tourism is not the cause of sexual exploitation, it provides easy access to it. Tourism also brings consumerism to many parts of the world antecedently denied access to luxury commodities and services. The lure of this easy money has caused many young people, including children, to trade their bodies in qualify for T-shirts, personal stereos, bikes and even air tickets out of the country.

Food Is More Than What We Eat Essay Example for Free

Food Is More Than What We Eat testThe pabulum we consume everyday has more to it than a source of fuel and part of our human essentials. though we may not realise, food plays a part of galore(postnominal) concourses culture, religion and sluice employment, where food plays a signifi brush offt role in their everyday lives. Today, food serves a fairly major(ip) role in our society. Due to globalisation and new(prenominal) global factors, there has direct been a integrate and harmonious diversity in cultures around the world and food is one of the main evidence of that. This end just be seen by walking to your local stores where there be at least dickens or more food stores/ restaurants from different cultures. This is particularly evident in Australia, as immigrants from across the existence bring with them to Australia their cultures, beliefs and lifestyles to their new abodes- with food being one of them. Many of these different cultures are now welcomed, sure and shared, which provides employment for many people. This is not only evident in the Western continents, unless many other Asiatic countries, where you would see many restaurants, snacks stores and street stores.Food is also used to distinguish the classes of certain groups and/or areas. For example, in the city where there are more higher classed people, majority of the restaurants and cuisines tend to be a lot more expensive than those in the outer suburban areas. The functions of food in cultures vary betwixt cultures, scarcely majority of the clock plays a significant role. There are different beliefs and morals, religious and food rules/ etiquettes that are associated with food of different cultures.An example of a food belief/moral would be in China noodles represent longevity, therefore it should not to be broken off or bitten off but put all into your mouth to chew to swallow. Food has not only been applied in beliefs and morals, but also religion. This can be seen in the Buddhism, where vegetarian dietary is preferred for serious believers. roundtimes food etiquette is compound into the religious side of food. For example in China it is considered extremely rude and impolite to stick your chopsticks dependable in your rice as it is how it appears in funerals and is disrespectful to the elderly.The use of food in traditions and celebrations is another room to show how food has a deeper meaning that being sustenance. Traditions vary between cultures, but even families and individuals. Everyone has their avouch style that they live with and pass on to their family who if they decide to continue the tradition passes on to future generations. Some of these traditions in terms of culture can be having rice has your main staple for most Asian cultures, while in Australia they have many different staples ranging from bread to grain foods.Food is also a big role player in celebrations. Many cultures have special foods that are only eaten or mostly eate n on certain days or events. For example in China on Chinese New Year, moon cakes are eaten, while in Australia, citizens have BBQs on Australia Day and eat ANZAC biscuits on ANZAC day. Food has also been a reason for unity of people. People like to eat whether it is at home or in restaurants in groups, where they not only enjoy the food together but can also start up conversations.For some families during dinner time may be the only time where they sit together and talk about their day. On a larger scale, food and global factors has allowed people of different backgrounds and cultures to accept and understand each others cultures. As previously mentioned, where we can now have food that are not from your culture. Because of food being eaten by many cultures, there are modifications to some foods so that more people can eat them. For example, there are now many vegetarian foods such as vegetarian pies and noodles for people with vegetarian diets.

Consider William Blakes presentation of love in the poem The Clod and the Pebble Essay Example for Free

Consider William Blakes presentation of wonder in the poem The tough and the Pebble Essay(b) Paying close attention to language and form, write a critical appreciation of the undermentioned poem, considering William Blakes presentation of lie with in the poem The orb and the Pebble.The Clod and the PebbleLove seeketh not it ego to pl salve,Nor for itself hath both care,But for an different gives its ease,And builds a Heaven in Hells despair.So sung a little Clod of Clay 5Trodden with the kines feet,But a Pebble of the brookWarbled out these metres meetLove seeketh only self to please,To bind another to its delight, 10Joys in anothers loss of ease,And builds a Hell in Heavens despite. The seeming(prenominal) cuteness of the poem The Clod and the Pebble perhaps masks a more morbid and deeply cynical opinion of love by the poet William Blake. Initially, the contrast between the lump and the pebbles talkes on love might gain ground a positive response to the clods optimism about how love can rescue us from even the most hellish position. The pebbles pessimism about love, on the other hand, is unpleasant and unsettling, but its also a more accurate reflection of the brutal nature of the worldly concern as it is interpret in the poem. Blakes presentation of love, then, is ambivalent. While the ideal that love is able to overcome any mount is appealing, it might not be a realistic assessment in the stage setting of the worlds cruelty.Blakes personification of the clod and the pebble captures two very different human recognises. We are told that the clod is trodden with the cattles feet. With the word trodden Blake captures the experience of continual hardship, and being repeatedly downtrodden, subjugated and abused. There is also tactual imagery of weight and pressure from the cattles feet, restricting the clod and forcing it into a new shape. In this way, the clod is described as though it experiences human suffering. It makes us think about someo ne who has had to deform flexible to fit the continual hardship of their circumstances reflected in the physical properties of a soft clod of clay. It is then pleasantly surprising that the clod sings about love in the most optimistic way.On the one hand, the clods optimism concerning love is deeply admirable, and the parallel structure used to present this speech alongside the pebbles emphasises that optimism in the most appealing way. The clod states that love builds a Heaven in Hells despair, man the pebble states that it builds a Hell in Heavens despite. The clod speaks from the context of a hellish world that entails pain and suffering, and endows love with the capacity to transcend such an experience and arrive at a heavenly existence of joy and happiness. The pebble, on the other hand, speaks from a comparatively heavenly existence and instead endows love with the capacity to corrupt that existence with the pain and suffering suggested by the word Hell. Our view that th e clod is admirably optimistic ten evolves into a feeling that we too want and even entrust that love will rescue and provide solace to this figure.Conversely, the parallel structure also helps to emphasise the pebbles pessimism. The clod declares that love seeketh not itself, while the pebble answers that love seeketh only self. The phrases not itself and only self make up a clear juxtaposition here of the two views of love. The first underscores it as essentially selfless, while the other underscores it as absolutely and solely selfish. Moreover, while the clod sings happily about how love for another gives its ease the pebble responds with how love joys in anothers loss of ease. The clods words suggest an action of willing self-sacrifice, while the pebbles words suggest a selfish acquisition that leaves another diminished. Of course, the pebbles view means that thither is no hope for the clod and that love in fact provides no Heaven.Furthemore, the pebbles assessment of love is deeply cynical and ugly. It is, however, true to both its own experience and that of the clod. The clod is trodden upon while the pebble is of the brook. We imagine a gentle and tranquil existence within the soft current of a stream. Traditionally, however, rivers also symbolise a journey from innocence to worldliness. The piddle represents the experience that flows over us during life, leaving us more aware. This experience has left the pebble implacable. We imagine someone who has become hardened from experience and this is reflected in the physical properties of the pebble. Now the water is forced to bend around the pebble, just as the clod must bend around the feet of the cattle. This is a depiction of the worlds boisterousness and cruelty, and we cannot help but appreciate that it is the pebbles assessment of love that more accurately reflects it.To conclude, perhaps the poem is as much about idealism and realism as it is about love. Love, after all, is subject to our tende ncy to be both idealistic and realistic. Ultimately though, it seems that the depiction of the world as harsh and brutal confirms a negative view of love as equally harsh and brutal. At the very least, the poem encourages us to be ambivalent of love and not suppose it to be a kind of saviour capable of transcending all.

History of bootlegging Essay Example for Free

History of bootleg Essay1. Background on Bootlegging It has been said that at its palpable level melody belongs to every unrivalled. To claim ownership over harmony has been the subject of much analysis since music, after(prenominal) all, is available to apiece individual through our sense of understanding. Maintaining control or possession of our music is non as clear cut as meting out our rights to our land or property. To listen to a striving someone else has written, for instance, does non necessarily constitute stealing or trespassing on someone elses property. The best way to ensure our right and title over our musical creations is to get a procure over the skipper piece. Yet it is not uncommon for a listener or a music lover or fan to record a favorite song or a specially memorable concert attended. People record songs, concerts, and videos and keep such(prenominal) enters for personal use, or take shape copies hence to give to their friends. Songs and vid eos argon also easily downloaded from the Internet. Fans also record different songs and performances, from different albums or concerts, into one CD or online play list to make their own personal collection.The problem is when such arrangements ar distributed and sold for profit without the artisan and the record companys consent. Generally, procure violations involving musical creations may be distinguished into three different types 1) professional counterfeit written texts ( wildcat duplication of sound and art work) 2) professional marauder transcriptions (unauthorized duplication of the sound, but with sea captain art work, usually sold as greatest hits compilations 3) bootleg recordings (unauthorized recording of reside performances)Bootlegging, as it was traditionally defined, involves the nonlegal distribution or production of liquor and another(prenominal) passing taxed goods In the 1920s, the United States had a Prohibition against alcohol, thus people resorte d to bootlegging, or buying and selling an illegal product, from bootleggers. Organized crime consisting of gangs and mobsters in Chicago and New York, such as Al Capone, were deeply winding in bootlegging. In the music industry, music bootlegging involves the taking and trading of unauthorized live recordings of live musical per conditions either from concert or studio outtakes.Bootleg music albums atomic number 18 recordings transferred from tape to vinyl group or CD. They become a bootleg product when a bootlegger undertakes to create an artifact or when a non-commercial recording is transformed into a commercial product in the form of an LP or a CD. Bootleg recordings atomic number 18 usually done without the artists consent however, making a recording of a concert is not illegal per se. Although an individual cannot legally record an officially release CD or cassette tape on to a blank tape, he or she may make an unauthorized recording of a concert and keep it for persona l use. However, the sale of such a recording is deemed illegal.The problems with bootlegging is that it pr tied(p)ts the artist and the record company from maintaining quality control over their product , and it prevents them from collecting their royalties to their right to their music.2. Changes in Copyright Laws Copyright is defined as a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U. S. Code) to the authors of genuine works of authorship . The U. S. has passed significant procure laws to protect an artists right to his or her original creations. These creations include not only musical works, but literary, dramatic, artistic and certain intellectual creations.The U. S. Constitution itself provides that the relation shall have power to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for restrict times to authors and inventors the goop right to their respective writings and discoveries. The State thus allows Congress to pass copyright l aws to protect an artists rights to his or her musical creations. The U. S. Copyright operate was amended in 1976 so that it now covers hot technological advancements and extended the term of protection to cover the life of the author plus 70 to a greater extent years.Copyright laws allow the author, artist, or whoever holds the copyright to a creation to sue those who infringe on their copyrights for damages. The plaintiff has to prove infringement of copyright by a) proving ownership of the copyright and b) copying by the infringer-defendant. In respectfulness with its Constitutional mandate of protecting original works of authorship, the Congress has passed several laws concerning music copyright infringement, plagiarism and bootlegging. Some of the relevant laws will be discussed in this section. The Audio Home Recording Act allows music retailers to sell all analog and digital recording formats.It also gives a consumer the right to use such recordings provided such use is f or non-commercial purposes, and in such cases, no copyright infringement lawsuit may be brought against a consumer. The consumer and retailer is also exempt from making royalty payments on digital audio recording devices and media the burden falls on U. S. manufacturers and importers only who must pay for digital audio devices designed or marketed primarily for making digital audio recordings for private use, whether or not these are incorporated in some other device.These royalty payments are administered and monitored by the U. S. Register of Copyrights and the Librarian of Congress, with the proceeds split among the featured artists and the record company, or between the songwriters and music publishers, depending on the circumstances. medicamental artists or musicians thus attain royalties which are based on record sales and airplay during a prescribed period. The U. S. is also a signatory of both the World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty and the Performan ces and Phonograms Treaty.In accordance with these internationalist agreements, the U. S.Congress passed the Digital Millennium Copyright Act which makes it a crime to a crime to besiege anti-piracy measures built into many of todays commercial software and even most music CDs. The Act also limits the copyright infringement liability of ISPs for transmitting information over the Internet, but requires that ISPs remove copyright infringement materials found in users web sites.Despite legislative acts and proposed bills by well meaning members of the U. S. Congress, and order laid down by the U. S. Supreme Court, infringers still find a way of getting just about copyright laws by invoking the fair use doctrine. The U.S. Code provides that the public is entitled to the fair use of secure material. Fair use is a privilege to use copyrighted material in a middling manner without consent, notwithstanding the copyright monopoly granted to the owner. A copyrighted original creation may be reproduced for purposes of criticism, news reporting, comment, teaching, scholarship and research.The Code further provides that in that location are four factors in determining whether there is fair use of a copyrighted material or not 1) the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes ) the nature of the copyrighted work itself 3) the equipoise and substantiality of the copyrighted work actually used without authority 4) the potential economic detriment on the value of the work caused by such unauthorized use thereof. What makes it especially difficult to enforce the copyright is that information is so readily available through the Internet. As music is downloaded courtesy of digital engine room, consumers are turning to the Internet to get their music rather than going out to music stores to buy the CDs. Bootlegged albums are also easily transmitted and shared through the Internet.Digital technology allows consumer to reproduce identical copies of digital music files, most commonly in compression formats such as MP3s. Such digital advancements not only pave the way for more widespread bootlegging, but for music piracy as well.3. Advancements in Piracy Technology File Sharing Piracy, as earlier discussed, is differentiated from bootlegging in that the former involve the unauthorized duplication of the sound, but with original art work. Piracy involves the reproduction and distribution of copies of original recordings. Advancements in digital technology have allowed music piracy to develop at an alarming rate.MP3s modify consumers to compress digitized music into smaller files, while ripping software allows them to copy music from CDs, store these on their hard drives, and then convert these files into compressed formats. Digital file reproduction devices, like CD p floors, in turn allow consumers to write these files into a CD and in effect create their own albums a nd compilations of copyrighted creations. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have also allowed increased music dissemination, as well as file share-out, as introduced by the infamous Napster software company.P2P networks basically offer users to access the hard drives of other users anywhere in the initiation by the installation of a piece of software. These networks allow users to search, copy and transfer music files typically through MP3 files. After Napster, subsequent P2P networks version, like KaZaA and Grokstar, which are collectively known as the FastTrack providers, allow users to access tenfold individual computers instead of accessing just one single, centralized database of music files.The digital audio workstation (DAW) on the other hand, allows users to indulge in sampling original music recordings, converted from analog to digital format, which users can import, cut, copy, layer and manipulate to create new musical work. Since samples may be in a bands entire song, or mer ely passages from an instrument, in effect it allows not just users but even musicians and DJs to create, layer, stretch forth and redefine music. Recording companies have resorted to copy-protection technology to protect themselves from piracy committed through file sharing and P2P networks.Copy-protected CDs is one answer, but public backlash and concerns about the technologys effectiveness, have forced recording companies to limit use of such CDs in the U. S. and instead opted to release such CDs abroad in europium and countries such as Japan. Five major recording companies in the U. S. use copy-protected CDs BMG Entertainment, Universal Music Group, Warner Music Group, EMI, and Sony. BMG in particular has made us of copy-protection advancements such the MediaMax CD-3 technology from SunnComm Technologies, Inc. located in Phoenix, Arizona. Through MediaMax CD-3, each song is written onto a CD twice.One format is readable by standard CD players while the other format is readable as a Windows media file playable on a computer. The technology allows consumers of BMG records to burn each track only three times per computer. The songs in BMG albums embedded with the MediaMax CD-3 technology may also be emailed to a limited number of people. However, each person in that limited list may only listen to ten times to each song in the album. In other words, songs in such CDs are locked and wont be played even if they are downloaded from file-sharing networks if it exceeds the allowable number of times a person may listen to the track.Other developments are even more rigid. The CDS-300 developed by Macrovision, located in Santa Clara, California, allows CDs to be burnt and listened to online, but blocks other attempts to make copies or share music online. Recording companies thus are faced with a difficult balance act. On the one hand, there is the need to respect a consumers desire to share, copy and hear songs in different ways. But on the other hand, there is th e copyright to take note of and the back tooth line earning revenues through royalties by limiting the number of copies consumers make of copyrighted musical creations.