Ethical Issues of Importance to Nurses Essay - 1417 Words

The sequencing of the human genome has a new approach to health care in regards to promotion, maintenance, and treatment. Genetic research is defined as a new approach to a better understanding of the genetic components of common diseases: Cancer, diabetes, stroke, and creating new gene-based technologies for screening, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of both rare and common diseases. Nurses are a main aspect within the first line of care, and therefore will contribute fully in genetic-based and genomic-based practice activities such as collecting family history, obtaining informed consent for genetic testing, and administering gene-based therapies. Lea, D, (January 31, 2008). My paper is based on an article Genomics in the public†¦show more content†¦Genetic information can be identified at any point throughout a person’s lifespan from pre-conception until after death. In addition to heritable, biological information, family history, genetic test results, and medical records are also sources of genetic information† (Jenkins Lea, 2005). We are put in a position to gather and retain information that could be utilized for a better future, but is confidentiality involved for the sake of profiting? Ask yourself, who should have access to genetic information? Who owns and controls it? How can families resolve conflicts when some members want to be tested for a genetic disorder and others do not? As I stated before, Nurses will have a critical role in advocating for the patient, educating, counseling, and supporting patients and families who are making gene-based healthcare decisions (Cassells, Jenkins, Lea, Calzone, Johnson, 2003). But it does raise a question of intentions. In some of the articles, I learned valuable information about the process of the Genome project for instance. Some characteristics are reputable and futuristically enlightening. But on the other hand, I see the project as a means of profiting in the form of the patient. As a nurse I’m the first line to trust from the patient, what better method to get consent to their genetic Intel. We as nurses have a relationship built onShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Acting Ethically When Working As A Nurse1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe importance of acting ethically when working as a nurse. Introduction: Ethics is an essential aspect of health care practice and those working in the nursing profession are often subject to frequent ethical dilemmas. It is essential for all nurses to be aware of the importance of ethics in health care and to practice within the ethico-legal parameters that govern the profession. However, while this is relatively easy in theory, ethics is not a black and white subject and often one’s culture,Read MoreProfessional And Personal Application Statement1580 Words   |  7 Pagesadvanced practice nurse requires more than simply gaining more education or demonstrating leadership abilities beyond that of a traditional registered nurse. Instead, the role of an advanced practice nurse requires an understanding and appreciation of the ethical challenges and issues that will be faced, as well as communicating the importance of ethics to other nursing professionals (Jormsri et al., 2005). 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WithoutRead MoreEssay Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice1217 Words   |  5 PagesModule 3 Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Lijimol Biju Grand Canyon University NRS-437V Ethical Decision Making in Health Care 01/08/2012 Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice In the health care, the main idea of having confidentiality is for to gain the patients and family members trust. At any time this confidentiality is broken or the private matters are disclosed it is called a breach of confidentiality. Patients have the right for privacy related to their health care mattersRead MoreMovie Review : Wit ( 2001 )1074 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscovered the difficulties facing her impending death. As nurses, we will encounter such situations wherein we come across those patients who have been terminally ill and as nurses we need to guarantee that we can promote life and protect our patient’s interest. 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InRead MoreNursing Code Of Ethics, Personal And Societal Values, And The Legal Aspects Of The Nursing1251 Words   |  6 PagesWorking in the nursing profession, nurses must be prepared to assess and support the diverse needs of the patient and their family. Every nurse, regardless of his or her specialty, encounters ethical challenges. However, public health nurses may face unique challenges in their distinct focus on the health of the population in addition to individuals (Haugh Mildon, 2005) . In this research paper, I will consider two case studies from the perspective of the nursing code of ethics, personal and societalRead MoreEthical Dilemmas : Ethical Dilemma824 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the ethical dilemmas PMHNPs sometimes find themselves in and name the opposing ethical principles Ethics can be described as the act of doing good or doing what is considered right based on the individual s understanding. Ethical dilemma’s are the conflicts that evolve from the understanding of different course of action or expectations. PMHNPs face ethical dilemmas just like other nurse practitioner specialties. There has to be mutual trusting relationship between the therapist and the

Great Barrier Reef Essay example - 1549 Words

The Great Barrier Reef is known as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It is believed to be one of the most incredible places on this earth. This reef is the largest living organism on this planet and the only living thing on earth visible from space (2011). The warm waters of the southwest Pacific Ocean are the perfect environments to create the worlds largest system of coral reefs. The Great Barrier Reef is in such pristine condition that it was listed by the World Heritage Trust as a protected site and is therefore, managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority to ensure that its beauty is maintained for many travelers and sightseers (Edgar 2010). Due to the complexity of this natural phenomenon, human practices have led†¦show more content†¦The combination of these environmental factors has led to some of the most beautiful colors that can only be found in the many corals that live here. Additionally sediments, twice as old as the reef, indicate that the reg ion was once above sea level (Lunar). The sheer enormity of the Great Barrier Reef, in addition to its great age, are two of the most well-known features of this natural phenomenon. It is composed of living coral, dead coral, algae, sponges, fish, snakes and thousands of other species, both plants and animals (2011). Currently, no evidence has been discovered as to when the first human contact occurred at the reef, but the Aboriginal population may have been the first, due to their occupation of Australia for over 40,000 years (Lunar). Human use and tourism is one of the main reasons the Great Barrier Reef is such an astounding place. The reef consists of more than 400 different kinds of corals, over 1,500 species of fish, and over 200 types of birds (2011). The tourism industry is a major contributor to the local and Australian economy. 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Stock Investment Analysis

Question: Discuss about theStock Investment Analysis. Answer: Introduction In the analysis of various share prices, the main aim of the analysis is usually based on the motive that the share value depicts the market value of the company in question. In this prospect, it is expected that the firms depreciation or appreciation in value will be based on the share price movements postulated over time. The management of the profits and the volatility of every share prices of a company depict the relative risks and return that should be expected from the same (Lee, and Kim, 2007). The information about the share price movement over time for every company is very important since it would determine whether an investor should put their wealth in the company or not. The main aim of every investor as a shareholder is to maximize their wealth while reducing the relevant risks that may accrue to their investment (Brennan, Jegadeesh, and Swaminathan, 2013). This research gives an instinctive analysis into the share prices of two Australian companies in the healthcare sec tor. These company are Pro Medicus Limited and JAPARA Healthcare Limited. Notably, the research takes look into the trend in weekly share prices over the last three months and create a comparison of the same. The risk and return analysis is also done to understand the company that has less risks when invested in relation to the returns postulated herein. A recommendation is drawn to give much attention to the notion of best company an investor should look for and invest. Share Price Trend Analysis The most important thing share price trend analysis is to understand the volatility in the price of the share of these company over the periods postulated. It should be noted as well that a smooth trend usually connotes less volatility which means the risks in investing in such companies is deemed to be quite less. The graph below shows the trends in the companies weekly share prices for the last three months. From the above, it is evident that the JAPARA has a lower price per share than the Pro Medicus limited. The highest price per share postulated by JAPARA is around 2.78 while that of Medicus stands at 6.271. This means that an investors would use less amount of money to acquire the shares of JAPARA than those of Medicus. In this line of thought the best parameter to gauge the performance of these stocks is the dividend policies put in place (Model, Diversification, and Rolls, 2007). it should be noted that the graph for both the two companies on share price movements is seen to be smooth showing a lesser risk in investing in them. Additionally, Pro Medicus seem to be increasing its share price from the onset which means that there is growth in the share prices over the weeks analyzed. Modigliani in his analysis critically showed that an increase in the share prices would mean a lot is happening in the company. On one hand it would mean that the companys reputation is becoming on a pos itive stance. It would also mean that there is an insider trading going on (Barber, and Odean, 2012). Which would mean that the firm is would expect a major industry place to inject good amount of capital into the firm in this case. It is only expected that more of the shares are to be bought. The rise in demand for these share would therefore increase the amounts of share premium thus pushing the share prices up. The increase in the share prices might also be due to the convergence of the shares due to pairs trading caused by companies which highly correlate (Ezama, De Liao, and Scandroglio, 2015). The high level of equilibrium correlation creates an avenue of divergence and convergence of these share prices which most investors take advantage. The advantage is taken on the basis that that as the share prices of the firms diverge of converge, arbitrage is created which causes the differential changes in the prices of various shares in question. The above results show that these com panies highly correlate in terms of the share price movements (Damodaran, 2016). Additionally, JAPARA is seen to averagely have a higher share prices than Pro Medicus. The smoot trend in the share prices for these companies shows that there is low volatility in the share prices creating a platform of low risks on the investments brought forward on the shares. Risk and Return Analysis To ascertain the volatility, it is important to understand the correlation and risks involved in investing in such stock. Additionally, the dividend policy for each company is very important as it helps us understand the real amount of cash that the investor would be accumulating over the years. It should be noted that the consistency of the firm in giving the dividend and the way in which the dividend policy changes over time. The changes brought here will depict whether the company is indeed on the good trend of creating a return or not (Asker, Farre-Mensa, and Ljungqvist, 2014). The table below shows the calculation of the risks in terms of the standard deviation and correlation with keen attention to understanding the risks involved in investing in these stocks. JAPARA LTD Pro Medicus LTD Mean 2.275153846 Mean 5.623153846 Standard Error 0.078678089 Standard Error 0.120062422 Median 2.393 Median 5.69 Mode 2.393 Mode #N/A Standard Deviation 0.283677883 Standard Deviation 0.432891219 Sample Variance 0.080473141 Sample Variance 0.187394808 Kurtosis -0.792829111 Kurtosis 0.277838493 Skewness -0.911436791 Skewness -0.505032746 Range 0.798 Range 1.576 Minimum 1.758 Minimum 4.698 Maximum 2.556 Maximum 6.274 Sum 29.577 Sum 73.101 Count 13 Count 13 Largest (1) 2.556 Largest (1) 6.274 Smallest (1) 1.758 Smallest (1) 4.698 Confidence Level (95.0%) 0.171424829 Confidence Level (95.0%) 0.261593546 From the above table, it comes out clearly that it is riskier to invest in Pro Meducis Limited than JAPARA owing to the high standard deviation postulated by Pro Medicus. In this prospect, it would be expected that the degree with which the Medicus share prices changes is deemed to be higher than those of JAPARA. One would therefore confidently accentuate that there is high level of consistency in the movements of the share price of JAPARA than those of Pro Medicus which seems to be quite volatile as depicted by high standard deviation of the same (Brown, 2012). The table shows that the standards deviation for JAPARA stands at 0.28 while that of Pro Medicus stands at 0.43. It is therefore less risky to invest in JAPARA than Pro Medicus. The next set of analysis now revolves around the investment in the portfolio containing the companies. In this prospect, we give much attention to the correlation between the stock prices of these companies and investigate on how the importance of the ir relationship for these periods of weeks postulated for our analysis. The correlation results of the investment portfolio are as shown below. JAPARA LTD Pro Medicus LTD JAPARA LTD 1 Pro Medicus LTD -0.46414701 1 The above table results reveal that these two stocks are negatively correlated. Hence as the price of one goes down, the prices of another goes up. In one line of thought this notion is deemed sufficient for the whole context pair trading since the arbitrage would form in the opposite direction. A closer look at the figure however, it shows a small correlation degree. The figure of 0.464 far from 1 which connotes a low degree of correlation stance. In this prospect, the firms are deemed to be faintly correlated. Hence the movement in the prices of JAPARA does not highly affect the movement of share prices of Pro Medicus. In trying to bring on board the advent equal investment, the two stocks have a diverse set of variation in terms of share price accumulation (Muhammad et al, 2015). The fact that the results shows a negative correlation gives us the confidence that an investor can indeed invest in the two companies and will be assured of ultimate gain. This notion is because, as the prices of shares of one company increases, the share value of the other will reduce. Either way, an investment involving this portfolio is deemed to gain a profit. Analysis of the Individual Companys Performance In the analysis of the individual companys performance, it is important to understand the earnings of the firms with respect to their share prices. Here we look into the comparison of the price earnings ratio of the companies for a given period of time in order to give a profound recommendation on the best way to invest in these stocks (Joshi et al, 2013). The graph below shows the price earnings ratio for the two companies over the period stated below. The above table shows that the change in the price earning ratio is higher for Pro Medicus while the change for JAPARA is seen to be negative. It only means that the earnings ratio is increasing at a decreasing rate for JAPARA hence this poses a risk for loss in terms of investment. The positive change inearnings ratio shown for PME is seen to be quite important as it boosts the confidence of the company shareholders hence in my recommenadion I would advise that the company should invest in PME and not JAPARA as far as the results above is concern (Downie, and Stubbs, 2013). Conclusion In conclusion, for the two type of stocks for the companies, it is important to understand that JAPARA is deemed to have a higher share value than Pro Medicus. Additionally, the risks involved in investing in Pro Medicus Limited is higher than for JAPARA Healthcare Limited as depicted by a higher risk measure (standard deviation). On the account of portfolio management, investing in the two stock is recommended as they tend to have a negative correlation which would ensure diversification fo risks involved in the investment (Joshi, Singh Ubha, and Sidhu, 2012). On the account of the investment into the price earnings ratio, JAPARA is seen to have a higher stance of positive change for which it is recommended which would ensure more profit for the investor. References Asker, J., Farre-Mensa, J. Ljungqvist, A., 2014. Corporate investment and stock market listing: a puzzle?. Review of Financial Studies, p.hhu077. Barber, B.M. Odean, T., 2012. Trading is hazardous to your wealth: The common stock investment performance of individual investors. The journal of Finance, 55(2). Brennan, M.J., Jegadeesh, N. Swaminathan, B., 2013. Investment analysis and the adjustment of stock prices to common information. Review of Financial Studies, 6(4). Brown, R., 2012. Analysis of investments management of portfolios. Damodaran, A., 2016. Damodaran on valuation: security analysis for investment and corporate finance (Vol. 324). John Wiley Sons. Downie, J. Stubbs, W., 2013. Evaluation of Australian companies scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions assessments. Journal of Cleaner Production, 56. Elton, E.J., Gruber, M.J., Brown, S.J. Goetzmann, W.N., 2009. Modern portfolio theory and investment analysis. John Wiley Sons. Ezama, D.P., De Liao, B.G.G. Scandroglio, B., 2015. Economy, Psychology and Stock Investment: Analysis of variables that participate in the process of decision making. International Journal of Psychological Research, 5(1). Gilmanova, A., Shakirzyanov, R. Novenkova, A., 2015. Strategic marketing analysis of premium package products of joint stock investment commercial bank Tatfondbank. Joshi, M., Cahill, D., Sidhu, J. Kansal, M., 2013. Intellectual capital and financial performance: an evaluation of the Australian financial sector. Journal of intellectual capital, 14(2). Joshi, M., Singh Ubha, D. Sidhu, J., 2012. Intellectual capital disclosures by Indian and Australian information technology companies: A comparative analysis. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 13(4). Lee, K.C. Kim, H.S., 2007. A Fuzzy Cognitive Map Based Bi Directional Inference Mechanism: An Application to Stock Investment Analysis. Intelligent systems in accounting, finance and management, 6(1). Model, A.P., Diversification, I.I. Rolls, C.A.P.M., 2007. Investment Analysis Portfolio Management. Moroney, R., Windsor, C. Aw, Y.T., 2012. Evidence of assurance enhancing the quality of voluntary environmental disclosures: an empirical analysis. Accounting Finance, 52(3). Muhammad, N., Scrimgeour, F., Reddy, K. Abidin, S., 2015. The relationship between environmental performance and financial performance in periods of growth and contraction: evidence from Australian publicly listed companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 102. Xu, Y., Carson, E., Fargher, N. Jiang, L., 2013. Responses by Australian auditors to the global financial crisis. Accounting Finance, 53(1).

Tree And Colour Essays - Epistemology, Critical Thinking

Tree And Colour The idea of sound will be investigated in the following essay. Is there sound in the world and if a tree falls in the forest and there is no body around does it actually make a noise? These ideas will be followed by the theory of colour. Individuals ?think? they see colour, so people believe there is colour in the world and do not even think twice about the issue. Still, some philosophers have presented ideas about the world with no colour. Is this theory plausible? Following these two questions, I will provide my take on the two theories of sound and colour and render my stance on whether I believe in the ideas of philosophers or whether I do not think their suggestions have any backing and provide stable proof. Sound is a vibration of air molecules caused by the motion of an object. The wave is a compression wave where the density of the molecules is higher. This wave travels through the air at a speed dependent on the temperature. A sound wave contains energy, which in turn means it can make things move. However, if the wave strikes something solid, it will bounce back (www.askjeeves.com {sound}). When a tree falls and there is no one around does it make a sound? There are two ways to look at the statement presented. The first way would include that sound is something that is objective and independent. When a tree falls it makes a noise (sound) and the noise that is produced is by the falling and hitting of the ground of the tree. This statement does not need anyone to prove its concretness, and it may even happen without anyone knowing it. The other theory that is presented is one of scientific adequacy where one has to think about the solution and have prior knowledge about sound waves and the theories behind them. When a tree falls, vibrations occur and cause waves in the air, which are detected by our ears and are then sent as messages to our brain and nerves. An equivalent reaction happens when our eyes see a coloured object. There is a process that takes place and a reaction has to occur before you can understand what you just saw or heard. Thus far, the two theories are related. The distinction between the two comes into effect when we look at whether we are hearing the waves in the air or whether this is the cause of the sound as well as the waves? The argument of the fallen tree in the forest only discusses the air waves; sound on the other hand is referred to as something physically heard. The ?sound itself is the result of the physical and physiological processes initiated by the fallen tree? (Landesman, 18). One philosopher that had a theory on this issue is William Ockham. His theory is referred to as the Ockham razor. He said, ?entities are not to be multiplied beyond necessity?. Ockham stated we should not include objective sound at all. By doing this we are making things simpler and his reasoning for this was the simpler things were the better they turn out. Ockham is not disagreeing that sounds exist but that there are two types of sounds: subjective and dependent. Since only air waves play a role in the hearing of sound, there is no point in believing that objective sound exists in the role of sound at all. George Berkeley was not so enticed by Ockham's theory. He saw many flaws in his reasoning and came up with his own explanations. His theory was that sound could be given a classification. There are many distinct sounds which are all different and cause various emotions in people. Some sounds cause a person to feel joy, while other sounds cause a person to experience a bad memory, thus causing pain. Air waves are simply a vibration or undulatory movement in the air. There are no properties of sound such as loudness that are caused by these waves. Berkeley's realization was that there is no feasible way that sound and air waves can be classified together in the same domain. Colour is one or any mixture of the