Amylase And Catalase Enzyme Catalysts Biology Essay

Amylase And Catalase Enzyme Catalysts biology EssayAn enzyme is a catalyst that speeds up the value of responses by expectant the activating providedton. Each enzyme reports better under optimum conditions, which estimate the most active cultivate for the enzyme molecule. Enzyme and substratum meanness, temperature, and pH are environmental factors important by producing the most reception respect. Also, the diametrical of factors are employ to examine the personal movements of catalase and human amylase. hit man obligate Sensor, vernier scale Gas Pressure interface, and lumberjack professional are used to collect the ram of oxygen. At 300C and pH 7 of catalase, the concentration of subst deems and enzyme increase and the directs of reception also rise. However, substrate concentration goes up at 400C and pH 7 of human amylase.IntroductionEnzymes are catalytic proteins, which control a chemic answer by increasing the rate of a reception without world co nsumed in the process (Enzyme 2007).The catalytic speeds up the chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, which needed to break the chemical bonds among reactants to mix in with other substances. In reactions, the substances at the beginning of the process are called substrate and enzyme can covert substrate molecules to product molecules. At lowering the activation energy barrier, the enzyme has specialised substrates to absorb enough energy to reach the change state (Campbell 2008).Enzymes are very specific in environmental factors, which fix the reaction rate. The enzyme only works on the substrate that fits the active internet pose and no other (Campbell 2008). The enzyme binds to the substrate called the active site, which is made up amino group acids (Enzyme 2007). The substrates enter active site, and the enzyme changes shape such that its active site enfolds the substrate and catalyze the reaction to a greater extent easily. Moreover, the more substrate mol ecules are available, the more often they access the active sites (Campbell 2008). Enzyme works better under optimum conditions including enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, and pH because they favor the most active shape for the enzyme molecule. Nevertheless, the enzyme provide denature and become less efficient the rate of reaction when the conditions establish extreme alteration (Campbell 2008).Each enzyme has a different specific temperature, which affects on the rate of reaction. Most human enzymes have optimal temperature of about 35-400C. Substrates bump around with active site, the kinetic energy of the molecules coverts to increase chemical potential energy (Campbell 2008). Therefore, the temperature increases to reach the activation energy and the rate of an enzymatic reaction increase. In addition, if the chemical potential energy rises greater, some of the weak bonds of terzetto-D shape of the active protein are broken (Enzyme 2007). It will d enature of the protein and inactivate the protein. Thus, the rate of reaction decrease when there are too oftentimes heat. yet as each enzyme has an optimal temperature, pH level also has an optimal of the range pH 6-8.The pH affects the structure of enzymes by altering sanctioned amino acids or ionization of acidic (Campbell 2008). Changes of pH affect to 3-D shape of the protein, and enzymes become denatured.Substrate concentration and enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction of enzymes. When substrate concentration increases, it means that more substrate is added the reaction rate increases because of using more the active site of the enzyme (enzyme 2007). However, when the active site of the substrate is reached at further academic degree, enzymes are saturated to limit reaction rates. Thus, when the substrate concentration is constant, the rate of reaction of is constant. Nevertheless, when the substrates remain constant, the enzyme concentration increases and the r ate of reaction also increases until certain limiting concentration.In the examine, by different environment factors catalase is used to the actual examine and human amylase is used to the color experiment. Catalase is enzyme present in all living cells. It decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water system supply supply and protects cells( ). Amylase a digestive enzyme made primarily by the pancreas and salivary glands. The primary function of the enzyme amylase is to break down starches in food so that they can be used by the body to trigger specific chemical reactions (Amylase judges.2006). In addition, both the salivary and pancreatic amylases are -amylases in human physiology -amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyses alpha-bonds of large alpha-linked polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen (Amylase shields.2006). -amylase is predicted to work best in the human body temperature of 37 C and pH from 5.6 to 6.9. If body heat exceeds 37C by too much cells become impair ed or permanently damaged, at lower temperature metabolic process decreases without permanent damage until ice crystals form in the cells. Also, if pH is extremely high or low, the act will decrease for most enzymes. Catalase is predicted in the temperature of 37.50C ,the pH under of 8, and the enzyme and substrate concentration is high.MethodsIn this experiment, we tested catalase activity by using a yeast solving to take the gear ups of enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, and pH. Moreover, we measured the rate of chemical reaction by producing the atmospheric pressure of oxygen and breaking down of hydrogen peroxide.First, we connected the Gas pressure Sensor to the Vernier Gas Pressure interface .Then we connected the Vernier Gas Pressure interface to the laptop. From the Biology with Computers folder, we opened the file 06 Enzyme (Pressure) from Logger Pro information processing system programme. Then we used a clean large test underground and pl aced the enzyme solution at the very provide of the test organ pipe. In addition, we used an Erlenmeyer flask to keep the test tube from abject during the experiment. Also, we used the rubber stopper to insert and create a fast seal onto the test tube, and the stopper valve was in the closed position. We drew up the substrate solution (3% H2O2+ H2O) into the spray and connected the syringe to the rubber stopper assembly. Later, we opened the valve of the syringe and injected the peroxide solution into the test tube and outright closed the valve and clicked the collect button on the Logger Pro. While we waited lead minutes to collect information, we didnt swirl or move the test tube. When data collection had finished, we aloof the rubber stopper assembly and discarded the circumvent of contents of the test tube. Then, we selected experiment and stored latest run in the Logger Pro package. We clicked on the graph where the data values began to increase, dragged the mouse point to the point where the graph began to look non- elongated, and clicked the Linear Fit button to a linear regression.For all the experiments, we used the same processes.For enzyme concentration, we used 15 mL of water and 15 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide. We placed one toss out of yeast at the bottom of the test tube, and we drew up 6 mL of substrate solution. Following the above procedures, we performed the experiment and driven the rate as the huckster of the curves we generated during the experiment. We repeated the experiment using different enzyme concentrations of two, lead, four, and quint drops and calculated the slopes as mentioned before. Therefore, we save the data in table one.Moreover, for substrate concentration we added 1 mL of water with 5 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide. We placed deuce-ace drops of enzyme solution at the very bottom of the test tube, and we drew up the 6 mL of substate solution into the syringe from the beaker. In the same methods above, we perf ormed the experiment and set the rate as a slope of the curves during the experiment. We repeated the experiment using different substrate concentrations of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mL of water and 4, 3, 2, and 1 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, we recorded the data in table two.Similarly, we used 3 mL of water with 3 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide for testing the effect of temperature on the enzyme. We added three drops of yeast at the bottom of the test tube and sealed it with the rubber stopper assembly. Then we placed the test tube in the flask half full with ice water and waited for three minutes. Also, at the same we placed syringe in ice for three minutes. We recorded the temperature from the thermometer placed in the ice. After the three minute period, we removed the syringe from the ice and connected it to the rubber stopper assembly, and we followed the general procedures to determine the rate of reaction. We repeated the experiment using different temperature of room temperatu re, 300C water bath, 400C water bath, 500C water bath, and 600C water bath and calculated the slopes as mentioned before. Thus, we determined the data in table three.Finally, we added 3mL of the pH 3 solution and 3 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide. We placed three drops of yeast solution at the very bottom of the test tube, and we drew up the solutions into the syringe. In the same methods above, we performed the experiment and determined the rate as a slope of the curves during the experiment. We repeated the experiment using different pH solutions of pH 5, pH 7, pH 9, and pH 11. As the result, we recorded the data in table four.ResultsFigure 1. Relationship between the rate of reaction and temperature for the human amylase. The data is collected from a simulated experiment by using the program Enzyme Investigation. In this experiment, the rate of reaction of human amylase are found on the constant of substrate concentration of 0.01 mole/L, enzyme concentration of 1.0 -10-6 mole/L , and pH of 7.Human amylases optimal temperature is 400C.Figure 2.Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of pH for the human amylase. The data is collected from a simulated experiment by using the estimator software Enzyme Investigations. While temperature at 250C, substrate concentration of 0.01 mole/L, and enzyme concentration of 1.0 -10-6 mole/L remain constant, pH changes different level from 1 to 14.Figure3. Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of substrate concentration for human amylase. The data is collected from a simulated experiment by using the computer software Enzyme Investigations. In this experiment, temperature at 400C , enzyme concentration of 1.0 -10-6 mole/L, and pH of 7 remain constant.Figure4 .Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of temperature for the enzyme catalase by using the computer software Logger Pro and determined on a three minutes period each trial. Catalases optimal temperature is 300C. In this experiment, the rate of reaction is base on the constant of substrate concentration of 0.5 mL and yeast of 3 drops.Figure 5. Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of pH for enzyme catalase.The data is collected from the actual experiment by using the computer software Logger Pro and determined the experiment on a three minutes period each trial . In this experiment, 3% H2O2 of 3mL and yeast of 3 drops remain constant, but level of pH varies from 3 to 11.Figure 6. Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of enzyme concentration for enzyme catalase.The data is collected from the actual experiment by using the computer software Logger Pro and determined on a three minutes period per trial. In this experiment, 15mL of H2O and 15ml of 3%H2O2 remain constant, but more drops for enzyme solutions (yeast) are added.Figure 7. Relationship between the rate of reaction and the effect of substrate concentration for the enzyme catalase.The data is collected fro m the actual experiment by using computer software Logger Pro and determined on a three minutes period. The effects are based on constant of enzyme solutions of 3 drops.Discussion